Abstract
There is no consensus on the antibacterial activity of dentin bonding systems (DBS). Many study models have been used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of dental materials. In this study, a novel detection method, flow cytometry, was introduced. It allows for evaluation of the antibacterial activity of DBS, based on assessment of the disruption of the bacterial physical membrane induced by DBS. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of selected dentin bonding systems against Streptococcus mutans. The highest antibacterial activity against S. mutans was observed for Adhese Universal (99.68% dead cells) and was comparable to that of Prime&Bond Universal, OptiBond Universal, or Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (p > 0.05). The lowest activity of all tested systems was displayed by the multi-mode adhesive, Universal Bond (12.68% dead bacteria cells), followed by the self-etch adhesive, OptiBond FL (15.58% dead bacteria cells). The present study showed that in the case of two-component DBS, the primer exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than the adhesive (or bond) itself.
Highlights
Adhesive dentistry relies on the durable interface between restorations and hard dental tissues created by means of dental bonding systems (DBS)
(Clearfil SE Bond 2) on S. mutans strain in comparison to a saline control are shown in Figures 1 and 2
Almost all cells were single stained with green (SYTO9 + propidium iodide (PI)−), which means that the majority of cells were alive in this sample (Figures 1 and 3a)
Summary
Adhesive dentistry relies on the durable interface between (direct or indirect) restorations and hard dental tissues created by means of dental bonding systems (DBS). These systems allow the resin-tooth interface to be sealed by creating a hybrid layer, comprised of a dentinal collagen network infiltrated with adhesive resin. Used etch-and-rinse adhesives (ERA) present antibacterial activity, mostly due to phosphoric acid etching involved in the adhesive strategy [1,2]. The introduction of self-etch adhesives (SEA) was assumed to overcome the problems with the etch-and-rinse (ER) strategy, i.e., achieving optimal wetness of the dental substrate resulting in inadequate dentin impregnation with adhesive along the resin-dentin interface.
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