Flow Characteristics of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides during Converging into a Capillary

Abstract

ABSTRACTPartially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAMs) are the most widely used polymers in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). This study presents capillary flow measurements of three different molecular weight HPAMs in synthetic brine. Polymer solutions having similar viscoelasticity were forced to flow through a 0.23 mm (radius) stainless steel capillary to investigate their flow characteristics including mobility reduction (apparent viscosity) and mechanical stability, represented by the extent of mechanical degradation (DR). The results indicated that the apparent viscosity of the polymer solutions markedly dropped with increasing flow rate until 5 mL/min, corresponding to the shear rate of 8,730s−1; after that a slight viscosity decrease was observed. The high-molecular-weight HPAMs (6.5 and 8.0 × 106 g/mol) began to have slightly greater apparent viscosity than the low-molecular-weight HPAM (1.0×106 g/mol) above the shear rate of 26,180 s−1; this might result from the occurrence of the coil-stretch transition. All the HPAMs experienced very similar percentages of mechanical degradation (10%) at shear rates between 1750 and 8730 s−1; however, above 8730s−1 the high-molecular-weight HPAMs exhibited a steep increase in mechanical degradation (DR). On the other hand, in the case of the low-molecular-weight HPAM, the DR curve almost leveled off at 12%. Therefore, low-molecular-weight HPAMs are generally suggested for EOR applications. These results, we suggested, should be useful to improve the efficiency of polymer EOR by minimizing mechanical degradation.