Flow characteristics of non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid under shear rate and temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity

Abstract

Background and purpose: Thermal conductivity and viscosity are significant properties that determine the characteristics of heat and mass transfer. These properties of a hybrid nanofluid are a strong function of the type of nanoparticles, concentration, base fluid, and temperature. By considering these facts, the models of properties are developed for different ranges of temperatures and solid concentrations and further used in the current fluid flow problem. Design of model: A homogenous hybrid nanofluid is considered and synthesized by dispersing hybrid nanomaterial and with an equal ratio in the solution of ethylene glycol and water. The mathematical model of this hybrid nanofluid is designed through developed properties and modified non-Newtonian power-law models. Findings: The simplified equations of the problem are solved by a numerical method. The results are obtained as velocity and temperature profiles. The velocity profile is decreased and increased by increasing solid concentration and operating temperature, respectively. On the other hand, the temperature profile is increased with the variation of both parameters. Originality: The model of the physical problem is developed through modified thermophysical properties that are functions of nanoparticle concentration and operating temperature. This type of model is not used before in heat and mass flow problems.