Flow characteristics of gold nanoparticles and microorganisms in a multistenotic artery treated with a catheter

Abstract

ABSTRACT Gold nanoparticles with specialised properties have been utilised for aesthetic purposes throughout history. These nanoparticles are characterised by their size, aspect ratio, and optical features, available in both spherical and non-spherical forms. Various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and water purification, make use of gold nanoparticles. Due to their diverse applications, these nanoparticles are employed in addressing stenosis by managing blood flow. The analytical study focuses on blood flow through a typical catheterised artery with stenosis, considering the influence of microorganisms and gold (AU) nanoparticles. Cylindrical coordinates are employed for the examination of blood vessels, and governing equations with appropriate boundary conditions are developed for the cylindrical artery under the assumption of minor stenosis. The Cauchy-Euler technique is applied to obtain precise solutions to the analytical equations. The results indicate that AU nanoparticles enhance blood flow in arteries through heat emission, regulating the axial velocity of the flow. Graphs representing physical parameters such as velocity, temperature, resistance impedance, shear stress, nanoparticle concentration, and microorganism concentration are plotted. The impact of concentration, velocity, temperature, and other factors is illustrated through various stenoses characterised by the form parameter, stenosis height, and catheter radius. Additionally, the Peclet number and Grashof number are analysed for different physical factors.