Abstract
ABSTRACT Calculation of water surface profile for Gradually Varied Flow (GVF) is often tedious although the principle is rather simple. This paper presents a practical method of water surface profile calculation for the D-shaped tunnel section, which is one of the sections suggested by the Indian Standard Code of Practice for design of tunnels conveying water, IS: 4880 (part II)-1976. The first part of the paper is a review of the direct-integration method. The second part is a study of the geometry of the tunnel section, followed by the presentation of values of Geometric Elements, Hydraulic Elements, and Hydraulic Exponents in the form of graphs. The application examples highlighting the validation of the work are shown in the last section.
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