Abstract

Segregation during flow of granular materials is important from an industrial point of view. Granular materials segregate during flow due to their physical properties (such as size, shape, and density). A considerable work has been done on granular segregation in the past (two decades). This chapter is divided into three parts. In the first part, a review of work done on heap formation is presented. Experimental work during heap formation by intermittent feeding is reported in the second part. The system used is a simplified model for the feeding of raw materials to a blast furnace, which is widely used for the manufacture of iron and steel. Experiments carried out using 2-D system and steel balls of size 1 and 2 mm are used as model granular materials. Image analysis is done to detect the position of each particle using an in-house computer code. Accuracy and efficiency of image analysis techniques were found to be good enough as we have used 1 and 2 mm spherical steel balls for all the cases studied. The chapter ends with concluding remarks.

Highlights

  • Granular materials are a collection of solid particles in the size range of a few millimeters to a few centimeters

  • Data show large particles travel more distance than small particles as smaller ones can fit into void spaces created during flow of materials

  • During heap formation, the small particles concentrate near the upper part of the heap and large particles travel more distance and settle at the bottom

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Summary

Introduction

Granular materials are a collection of solid particles in the size range of a few millimeters to a few centimeters. Used granular materials are salt, sugar, coffee, and rice in day-to-day life and sand, gravel, coal, powders, fertilizers, and pharmaceutical pills in various industries. They are made up of different constituents, ranging from 1 μm to 1 km (theoretically) and having various shapes. The properties of granular materials are very different from the properties of constituent particles They primarily depend on the nature of interstitial fluid (air, water, etc.) and forces acting between the particles. They can withstand strong shear force as they can support our body weight

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