Flourish of Proton and Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in China.

Jiancheng Yang,Meitang Tang,Yue Li,Yunzhe Gao,Jiawen Xia,Xiaoman Li,Sicheng Wang

doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.819905

Jiancheng Yang, Meitang Tang + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.819905

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Abstract

Proton and heavy ion therapy offer superior relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in the treatment of deep-seated tumors compared with conventional photon radiotherapy due to its Bragg-peak feature of energy deposition in organs. Many proton and carbon ion therapy centers are active all over the world. At present, five particle radiotherapy institutes have been built and are receiving patient in China, mainly including Wanjie Proton Therapy Center (WPTC), Shanghai Proton Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Heavy Ion Cancer Treatment Center (HIMM), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH), and Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Jiao Tong University. Many cancer patients have benefited from ion therapy, showing unique advantages over surgery and chemotherapy. By the end of 2020, nearly 8,000 patients had been treated with proton, carbon ion or carbon ion combined with proton therapy. So far, there is no systemic review for proton and carbon ion therapy facility and clinical outcome in China. We reviewed the development of proton and heavy ion therapy, as well as providing the representative clinical data and future directions for particle therapy in China. It has important guiding significance for the design and construction of new particle therapy center and patients’ choice of treatment equipment.

Highlights

According to the latest Statistics on Cancer, there were an estimated 19.29 million new cases and 9.96 million cancer deaths worldwide in 2020 [1]
Several clinical trials are available on the combination of chemotherapy and proton beam therapy (PBT) or carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) [137]
One clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of CIRT with concurrent cisplatin for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LR-Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)) at the Shanghai Proton Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC) was registered (NCT02801487)

Summary

INTRODUCTION

According to the latest Statistics on Cancer, there were an estimated 19.29 million new cases and 9.96 million cancer deaths worldwide in 2020 [1]. It is difficult to Abbreviations: RBE, relative biological effectiveness; WPTC, Wanjie Proton Therapy Center; SPHIC, Shanghai Proton Heavy Ion Center; HIMM, Heavy Ion Cancer Treatment Center; CGMH, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; RT, radiotherapy; PTCOG, Particle Therapy Co-Operative Group; PBT, proton beam therapy; CIRT, carbon ion radiotherapy; LET, linear energy transfer; LR-NPC, locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma; OER, Oxygen Enhancement Ratio; IMP, Institute of Modern Physics; HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival. Particle radiotherapy has been developed in clinical practice in United States, Japan, Germany and other countries, including proton beam and heavy ion (mainly using carbon ions). Several particle radiotherapy institutes have been built and are receiving patient in China, mainly including WPTC (Wanjie, Zi-Bo), Shanghai Proton Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC, Shanghai), Heavy Ion Cancer Treatment Center (HIMM, Wuwei, Gansu), and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH, Linkou and Kaohsiung). Several treatment planning studies between photon, proton, and carbon ion radiotherapy were carried out in China.

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Findings

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION