Abstract
The necessity of measures to prevent environmental pollution by industrial emissions, in particular sewage, is substantiated. It has been shown that one of the most promising methods for cleaning industrial wastewater is flotation. Its essence, characteristics and types of flotation are discussed. The factors that determine the use of different types of flotation for the treatment of industrial wastewater are listed. It is shown that the flotation method can be used to concentrate various in nature pollutants from industrial wastes: suspended solids, petroleum products, fats, heavy metal ions, surfactants. It has been established that pressure flotation, electroflotation and ion flotation are most widely used in the practice of cleaning industrial wastewaters. Their advantages compared with other types of flotation are considered. The reasons constraining the widespread use of flotation methods for the treatment of industrial wastewater are discussed. Examples of effective technological schemes for wastewater treatment of a number of industries (oil refineries, meat industry, hydrometallurgical industry, electroplating industry), including the stage of flotation treatment of wastewater are given. The factors that determine the use of flotation treatment of wastewater in technological schemes at a certain stage of industrial effluent treatment are determined. The conclusion was made about the universality of the flotation method, which allows to effectively remove a wide range of contaminants from industrial wastewater, and also successfully combine with widely known purification methods in technological schemes as a preliminary, basic method of purification or additional treatment of effluent up to regulatory requirements.
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