Abstract
Field trials were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to evaluate floristic composition of weeds and the efficacy of pre herbicides in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) nurseries. The weed population in both years was consisted mainly of annual spring and summer weeds, and some perennial weeds. The weediness in both years was relatively high. Weed density in the untreated control plots was 106.5 plants per m2 in 2010 and 87.4 plants per m2 in 2011. The most dominant weeds were Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare and Amaranthus retroflexus in 2010 and Polygonum aviculare, Tribolus terestris and Cynodon dactilon in 2011. By taxonomic aspect, the weed flora was distributed in 11 families. 15 weed species were dicotyledons and 2 weed species were monocotyledons. Terophytes were the dominant life form weed category in black locust nurseries. Efficacy of herbicides 28 days after treatment (DAT) ranged from 91.0% (pendimethalin) to 95.3% (linuron) in 2010, and 74.5% (linuron) to 88.0% (pendimethalin) in 2011, respectively. Efficacy of herbicides 56 DAT ranged from 93.6% (pendimethalin) to 98.3% (linuron) in 2010, and from 74.8% (linuron) to 83.1% (pendimethalin) in 2011, respectively. Prevailing weed control by herbicides was not consistent over the years. However, efficacy of herbicides in control of prevailing weeds 28 and 56 DAT ranged from 88% to 100% in 2010 and 7% to 86% in 2011, respectively. Lower herbicide efficacy in 2011 was most likely due to high precipitation occurred immediately after herbicide application and domination of perennial weeds, particularly Cynodon dactilon.
Highlights
In The Republic of Macedonia, Robinia psedoacacia L. is an allochtonous species, well adapted and widely spread on almost all territory, in a range of altitude between 50-1300 m a.s.l
In 2010 the weed population consisted of 11 weed species, and the total number of weeds was 106.5 plants per m2
The most prevailing among the 11 weed species were Chenopodium album (33.8 plants per m2), Polygonum aviculare (23.5 plants per m2) and Amaranthus retroflexus (19.5 plants per m2)
Summary
In The Republic of Macedonia, Robinia psedoacacia L. (black locust) is an allochtonous species, well adapted and widely spread on almost all territory, in a range of altitude between 50-1300 m a.s.l. (black locust) is an allochtonous species, well adapted and widely spread on almost all territory, in a range of altitude between 50-1300 m a.s.l. Its plasticity in the term of ecophysiological and morphological adaptation and capability of easy vegetative regeneration, allow this species to spread spontaneously. Its plasticity in the term of ecophysiological and morphological adaptation and capability of easy vegetative regeneration, allow this species to spread spontaneously Due to these characteristics, black locust is used mostly for ameliorative purposes, especially for the stabilization of erosive areas, for afforestation of barren lands, reclamation of waste land etc. Black locust is used mostly for ameliorative purposes, especially for the stabilization of erosive areas, for afforestation of barren lands, reclamation of waste land etc. The production area of the nurseries is quite small (0.5-5 hectares) all nursery operations, with the exception of mechanical soil preparation, as seedbeds preparation, sowing, covering, cultivation and weeding are carried out manually
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