Abstract
BackgroundCymbidium goeringii, belonging to the Orchidaceae family, is an important ornamental plant with striking petals and lips. Extremely diversified floral patterns and morphologies make C. goeringii good research material to examine floral development of orchids. However, no floral organ-specific protein has been identified yet. To screen floral development associated proteins, four proteomes from petal (PE), lip (LI), gynostemium (GY), and sepal (SE) were analyzed using Tandem Mass Tag-based proteomic analysis.ResultsA total of 6626 unique peptides encoding 2331 proteins were identified in our study. Proteins in several primary metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and lipid metabolism, were identified as differentially expressed proteins. Interestingly, most of the energy metabolism-related proteins highly expressed in SE, indicating that SE is an important photosynthetic organ of C. goeringii flower. Furthermore, a number of phytohormone-related proteins and transcription factors (TFs) were identified in C. goeringii flowers. Expression analysis showed that 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase highly expressed in GY, IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 4 and gibberellin receptor 1 C greatly expressed in LI, and auxin-binding protein ABP20 significantly expressed in SE, suggesting a significant role of hormones in the regulation of flower morphogenesis and development. For TFs, GY-highly expressed bHLH13, PE-highly expressed WRKY33, and GY-highly expressed VIP1, were identified.ConclusionsMining of floral organ differential expressed enzymes and TFs helps us to excavate candidate proteins related to floral organ development and to accelerate the breeding of Cymbidium plants.
Highlights
Cymbidium goeringii, belonging to the Orchidaceae family, is an important ornamental plant with striking petals and lips
The protein samples were extracted from the four floral organs (Fig. 1b)
Differential expression of lipid metabolism‐related proteins Our study identified 19 fatty acid metabolismrelated proteins, including 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase 2 (ACAA2), acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3 (ACOX3), Acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] desaturase 1 (BRENDA1), acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT1), acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3 (ACOX1), 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrierprotein] synthase (ACPS), Acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] desaturase 2 (BRENDA2), multifunctional protein 1 (MFP1), 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase 1 (ACAA1), multifunctional protein 2 (MFP2), acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 4 (ACOX4), aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 (ADH 3), aldehyde dehydrogenase family 2 member B7 (ALDH2B7), alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3), 1uinone oxidoreductase-like protein 1 (CRYZL1), lipoxygenase 2.1 (LOX2.1), allene oxide synthase (CYP74A), lipoxygenase 2.2 (LOX2.2), Allene oxide cyclase 3 (AOC3), and 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 5 (OPR5), were identified in orchid (Additional file 3: Table S3)
Summary
Cymbidium goeringii, belonging to the Orchidaceae family, is an important ornamental plant with striking petals and lips. Diversified floral patterns and morphologies make C. goeringii good research material to examine floral development of orchids. No floral organ-specific protein has been identified yet. The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) orthologs from C. goeringii have been functional identified as a regulators of the vegetative to reproductive transition (Xiang et al 2012). Many flowering and floral development-related genes display floral organ-specific expression patterns (Suzuki et al 2017). Several floral organ-specific promoters, such as Arabidopsis TCP3 and tobacco AP1-like, function in the regulation of floral transition, initiation and development (Katsutomo et al 2016; Zhang et al 2014). Screening of floral organ-specific genes and proteins may help us to identify the regulation factors that are involved in floral development
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