Abstract
Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the floral and physicochemical characteristics of passion fruits BRS Pérola do Cerrado cultivar (Passiflora setacea D.C.), as well as its relationship with local climatic factors. Peak flowering, time in days of floral appearance until anthesis and until fruits harvest, floral morphometry, time of flower opening and closing, occurrence of natural self-pollination, geitonogamy and floral incompatibility, physicochemical characteristics of fruits and relationship with climatic variables were evaluated. Under the conditions of this study, it was observed that the flowering peak occurred in November and the time of flower opening ranged from 7:21 pm to 8:40 pm throughout the year, probably influenced by daily solar radiation; while the time of flower closing occurred between 6:00 am and 8:00 pm. After closing, flowers showed no recurrence of floral opening. Flowers of Passiflora setacea species BRS Pérola do Cerrado cultivar are self-incompatible and do not allow geitonogamy. Therefore, for fruit formation, cross-pollination is necessary. Regarding fruit setting in the different pollination methods, rates were 34.6% when artificially made and 53.5% in case of natural pollination. Fruits had, on average, longitudinal diameter of 4.9 cm, cross-sectional diameter of 46 mm and fresh mass of 55 g, juice volume of 15.7 ml per fruit, 13.31 ° Brix and total titratable acidity of 1.7 g / 100g ac. citric.
Highlights
In Brazil, passion fruit cultivation has been reported from the earliest indigenous tribes to the present day
Benevide (2006) observed that Passiflora setacea species cultivated in the northern part of the state of Rio de Janeiro only flowered from October to March, presenting zero flow rate in the other months of the year
The same was verified by Guimarães et al (2013) in plants cultivated in the Federal District, where BRS Pérola do Cerrado cultivar did not present off-season production
Summary
In Brazil, passion fruit cultivation has been reported from the earliest indigenous tribes to the present day. With a rich diversity of species and varieties, the botanical genus Passiflora is spontaneously present throughout Tropical America with indicators pointing to the existence of more than 500 species and Brazil is one of the main centers of origin of the genus, of 150 species of which 70 present fruits with industrial value and for fresh consumption and many of them with importance in the national and international markets (FALEIRO et al, 2005; FALEIRO et al, 2017). The Passiflora setacea species was first observed in 1828 and its name, in Latin, makes reference to its arrow-shaped stipules It is a Brazilian wild species commonly known as maracujá-do-sono, maracujádo-cerrado, among other popular names (FALEIRO et al, 2005), which presents important and desirable characteristics to the consumer market, since, in addition to its resistance to phytopathogens, the species has physical, chemical and sensory properties very appreciated by both fresh consumption and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries (CAMPOS, 2010). As all modifications require adaptation, new demands emerged with the lack of mobility of plants, requiring varied adaptations aimed at the attraction of pollinating animals or even to develop mechanisms for the dispersion of pollen by abiotic factors (GONÇALVES and LORENZI, 2011)
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