Floral and Bird Biodiversity of Dingaputa Haor and Its Surrounding Area of Mohangong Upazila, Netrakona District

Mangrove ecosystem located between terrestrial and marine coastal areas are changing constantly due to human activities that affect the aquatic fauna several species of fish and non-fish. The aim of research to determine the level of importance and biodiversity index value of mangrove, analyze abundance, biomass, diversity and equity, as well as the spread of aquatic fauna mangrove forest ecosystem. Results of the study showed an index of biodiversity of mangrove flora in the medium category with a relative importance value index Rhizophoraceae and Sonneratiaceae dominate in all phases. Economically valuable aquatic fauna found amounted to 21 species of 15 families. Groups of fish fauna found bedul fish (A. caninus) have abundance and biomass as much as 975 ind at 18,299.56 gr, meanwhile the non fish fauna found werus shrimp (Metapenaeus sp.) has an abundance of as much as 1,936 ind and biomass crabs (P. pelagicus) have amounted to 13,609.38 gr associated in mangrove areas Pangpang Bay. Fauna biodiversity index included in the medium category, meanwhile the index of evenness fauna belonging in the high category. Dispersal patterns at the mouth of the bay with the mouth of the river flow Wagut fauna found in the form of pelagic and demersal fish such as family Mugilidae, Clupediae, Leiognatidae, Psettodidae. At the center of the edge of the bay in the form of aquaculture ponds found that pelagic fish group Centropomidae, Polynemidae, Sillagidae family. Meanwhile, at the end of the bay with the river flow Setail found the group that demersal fish Platycephalidae and Gobidae family.

In order to understand the diatom community structure and reveal the pollution status and water quality in Nanchong section of Jialing River,15 diatom samples and water quality samples in five cites or counties of Nanchong city,were collected according to normal methods,in dry season,level season and rainy season,respectively.Chemical indices including COD,TN and TP were measured.The diatom community structure including diatom species composition,cell densities,Shannon-Weaver diversity index and Lloyd-Ghelardi evenness index were analysed,and the water quality was evaluated combined with chemical index.The results showed that:(1) 136 taxa,which belonged to 2 class,10 family and 26 genera were observed(including variety and form).Pennatae diatom species numbers were richer than that of centriate diatom.The percentage of Pennatae diatoms and centriate diatoms were 94.52% and 5.48% to the total diatoms,respectively.Langzhong section had the highest species numbers with 86 and Nanchong section had the lowest species numbers with the number of 48;The cell densities of diatom was in the range of 4500—39000 ind/L with the mean value of 18213 ind/L.Langzhong section had the lowest cell densities of diatom with the value of 12600 ind/L and Nanchong section had the highest cell densities of diatom with the value of 23700 ind/L.The diversity index was in the range of 1.05—3.30,with the mean value of 2.44.Langzhong section had the highest diversity index with the value of 2.85 and Nanchong section had the lowest diversity index with the value of 1.80;the evenness index was in the range of 0.22—0.66 with the mean value of 0.47.Langzhong section had the highest evenness index with the value of 0.55 and Nanchong section had the lowest evenness index with the value of 0.35.(2) The diatom species numbers,cell densities,diversity and evenness index took on noticeable seasonal and horizontal distribution distinction.To seasonal change,the diatom community structure had similarities in level season and dry season,with more species numbers,higher cell densities,diversity and indices evenness indices than those in rainy season.To horizontal distribution change,from upstream to downstream,the diatom species numbers decreased and diversity index and evenness index declined gradually,however,cell densities of diatom increased gradually.The sampling sites at upstream of the city had more species numbers,lower cell densities and higher diversity indices and evenness indices than those at downstream.(3) Species diversity index and evenness index as well as chemical items were used to evaluate the water quality in Nanchong section of Jialing River.The results consistently indicated that the water quality in Nanchong section of Jialing River belonged to β-mesosaprobic Zone all in all and the water body possessed certain self-purification ability.The water quality of Langzhong section was the best of all,which belonged to Oligosaprobid Zone;those of Nanbu,Xinzheng and Peng'an sections were between β-mesosaprobic Zone and Oligosaprobid Zone,which of Nanchong section was the worst of all,belonging to α-mesosaprobic Zone.To improve and protect the water quality of Jialing River,some prevention and cure measures and suggestions were given in the paper.

In order to explore the impact of antibiotics (enrofloxacin) on microbial community in aquatic environment, an indoor aquatic ecological model was built, and different concentrations of enrofloxacin (0.05, 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/L) were added in the aquatic ecological model. In addition, the water and sediment samples were collected on the 0, 7, 30, and 60 days, and the changes in microbial community were studied through 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that when the concentration of enrofloxacin was 50 mg/L, the relative abundance of Actinomycetes was increased. In the water, the bacterial richness and diversity communities first decreased and then gradually recovered with the passage of time; On the 7th day, the diversity and richness index of species in the treatment groups with enrofloxacin at 5 and 50 mg/L decreased to the lowest; On the 30th day, the diversity and richness index of species began to rise; On the 60th day, the diversity index and richness index of water species began to increase, while the diversity index and richness index of sediment species decreased. In conclusion, the addition of enrofloxacin negatively affected the microbial community structure in an indoor aquatic ecological model, 50 mg/L enrofloxacin could increase the relative abundance of Actinomycetes, and decrease the diversity and richness index of water and sediment.

Summary1. Additive partitioning of three measures of diversity (species richness, Shannon's diversity index H and Simpson's diversity D) was used to study the relationship between local and regional diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate communities of boreal lakes (littoral habitats) and streams (riffle habitats) across three spatial scales (sampling sites, ecoregions and biogeographic regions).2. Alpha (α) and beta (β) diversity are defined as within‐habitat and between‐habitat diversity, respectively. According to the concept of additive partitioning, diversity can be partitioned across multiple spatial scales such that the total (γ) diversity on one spatial scale becomes within‐habitat (α) diversity at the next higher scale. Hence, the total diversity at one scale is determined by the α diversity and the between‐habitat diversity (β) at the next lower scale. Consequently, one of the advantages of additive partitioning is that it is possible to study simultaneously β diversity and the regional‐local species relationship and the scale dependence of α and β components.3. For both lakes and streams α diversity was low for sites and ecoregions, whereas β diversity was high, indicating that among‐site factors are important in describing the variability among the lakes and streams studied here.4. Weak, albeit significant, evidence was found for regional and local species saturation patterns. Multiple stepwise regression indicated that local processes might be more important in structuring lake‐littoral and stream‐riffle species assemblages than regional processes. From these results we conclude that environmental heterogeneity may act as an important factor contributing to species coexistence, resulting in the observed saturation patterns.5. Our study supports the use of additive partitioning for identifying specific patterns of macroinvertebrate diversity on multiple spatial scales and the underlying processes generating these patterns. This information is needed to improve understanding of the relation between patterns and processes affecting (decreasing) trends in aquatic biodiversity.

Detecting field diversities via remote sensing is becoming important to monitor vegetation dynamics at large scale. The characteristics of the remotely sensed image, depending on the study organism and habitat, affect the efficiency of measuring α-and β-diversities. Therefore, we examined the impact of image resolutions and spectral plot extents on the accuracy of estimating forest α-diversities and compositional variances on the active volcano Mount Usu, northern Japan. Low- (3.2 m) and high-resolution (0.8 m) IKONOS multispectral images were used to create spectral indicators from pixels covering the field plots (narrow extent) and from pixels including neighbouring area (wide extent). Six forest diversity indices were obtained for canopy and for canopy-herb layer (total diversity): species richness (S), Shannon (H’), evenness (J’), Gini-Simpson (D), and true diversity of order 1 (N 1 = expH’) and order 2 (N 2 = 1/D). Changes in species composition were assessed by dissimilarity matrices. The spectral diversity indicators were calculated from the combination of image resolutions and spectral plot extents, and then compared with field diversities. The low-resolution–narrow extent based spectral indicators showed the highest correlations with canopy and total diversities. The best spectral indicators were derived from the scores of the first axis of principal component analysis and from the near infrared band, reaching high correlations with both canopy and total field diversity indices. Of the six field diversities, J’ showed the highest correlations with single spectral indicators, and N 1, 2 showed the highest correlations with pairs of spectral indicators. The correlations between spectral and field dissimilarities were lower than the correlations between α-diversities and spectral indicators, and were unaffected by the resolution and extent. In conclusion, the best spectral indicators were obtained from the low-resolution–narrow extent combination, and the indicators estimated canopy and total field diversity indices of temperate forests equally.

This monograph presents results of research on genetic diversity of 8 leafy liverwort species differing in reproductive mode. The frst 4 species in Poland are regarded as sterile and reproduce only vegetatively: Bazzania trilobata, Trichoc-olea tomentella, Lophozia hatcheri, and Mylia anomala. The next 4 are fertile, including the monoecious Lepidozia reptans and Calypogeia integristipula as well as the dioecious Mylia taylorii and Tritomaria quinquedentata. For each species, 9-10 populations were sampled. In total, 4744 gametophytes from 73 populations were examined by isozyme analysis. The level of their genetic diversity (total, HT, and within populations, HS) was high, higher than in thallose liverworts, but comparable to the genetic diversity of mosses or even some species of vascular plants. Thus the traditional opinion that the entire group of liverworts has a much lower level of genetic diversity than mosses is erroneous, as it holds true only for thallose liverworts (Metzgeriidae and Marchantiopsida). My results indicate that the effect of reproductive mode on genetic diversity in leafy liverworts is lower than in vascular plants. Sterile and fertile species of liverworts exhibited similar levels of genetic diversity. Moreover, both groups included species that had both high and low levels of HT and HS. In fertile species, monoecious and dioecious species also did not differ signifcantly in genetic diversity, but dioecious liverworts had slightly higher total diversity (HT) than monoecious species. In most of the studied leafy liverworts, the share of genetic diversity within populations in the total genetic diversity of species is greater than between populations. The percentage share of variation among populations (ΦPT) in the total genetic variation was correlated with the total genetic diversity of the species (HT). In species with high HT, differences between populations tended to be rather small. By contrast, in species with lower HT, the percentage share of differentiation among populations in the total diversity of species was much higher. My results confrm theory, based on studies by Kimura, that the main causes of genetic diversity of bryophytes are neutral somatic mutations developing in various vegetative parts of plants. The separation of branches or other plant sections with somatic mutations, followed by the growth of new shoots, can increase the level of genetic diversity. The high level of genetic diversity in sterile liverworts indicates that vegetative reproduction has a greater infuence on the level of genetic diversity than recombination. My results suggest also that mutation rates are similar in closely related species, but species with a wider ecological range exhibit higher genetic diversity because the variability of habitats can infuence the rate and type of somatic mutations. Accordingly, species inhabiting more diverse environments may be more genetically diverse. Patches of the studied species generally consisted of several genotypes (MLGs). Two types of distribution of genotypes in patches were noticed. Patches of species with low total diversity (HT), were often dominated by 1-2 genotypes, which constituted the major part of a patch. In patches of species with higher HT, there was no tendency to form patches with predomination of a single genotype. Different genotypes constituted similar proportions of a patch. In all the studied leafy liverwort species there was a high degree of repeatability of the same genotypes (MLGs) in plants from various patches within the same population or in various populations. Probably the main cause of this is the independent repeatability of the same mutations in different specimens.

Wiryanto, Sunarto, Rahayu SM. 2017. Biodiversity of mangrove aquatic fauna in Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1344-1352. Mangrove areas have important roles of ecologic, socio-economic, and socio-culture in ecosystem. Mangrove areas in Purworejo go into degradation as an impact of illegal logging, fishpond area expansion, settlements expansion and extension of agriculture area. All of the activities will influence the communities’ structure of mangroves vegetation and aquatic fauna. The purposes of research are to observe (i) biodiversity of mangroves aquatic fauna; (ii) correlation between mangrove vegetation and aquatic fauna; and (iii) the influence of abiotic factors towards biotic condition in research sites. This research was conducted in June-September 2016 at 3 stations and was determined with purposive sampling method. The research stations are Gedangan (Station 1), Jatikontal (Station 2) and Ngentak (Station 3). Vegetation of mangrove and aquatic fauna were observed with method of line transect and sampling removal. Association between variables (vegetation and aquatic fauna) is analyzed with Pearson Correlation Test. Influence of abiotic factors (physics and chemicals) on biotic (vegetation and aquatic fauna) is analyzed with t-test and regression test. According to the research, 34 species of aquatic fauna are from mangroves area of Purworejo. Highest value of aquatic fauna is found in Station 3 (ID 2.50). Pearson correlation test between vegetation and aquatic fauna obtains r value of 0,104. The t-test results a significant difference (sig 0.000) between abiotic factors and biotic condition and shows the impact of changes on both. Further test with regression method also indicates a weak impact on changes on abiotic factors towards biotic condition (r2 0.032).

Freshwater lakes are a crucial component of the urban ecology and offer several direct and indirect advantages to its people. Habitat degradation of native insects has happened because of development activities and unscientific natural resource management. As a consequence, many insects of freshwater lakes are now rare and endangered. A research was conducted to find out the abundance, variety and distribution of aquatic insect fauna in an urban freshwater lake, Hatirjheel, Dhaka during November 2015 to February 2016. A total of 3255 individuals of water insects comprising of 11 species and 31 genera under 20 families belonging 5 orders were recorded. The order Hemiptera contained the highest abundance (38.71%) including 7 families and 12 genera containing 5 species, while Trichoptera had the lowest (6.45%) including 2 families and 2 genera. The dominating species in the lake was Micronecta haliploides. The maximum 19 aquatic insect species were reported in the lake's vegetation-rich section near the Mouchak-Moghbazar flyover (Spot 1), whereas a minimum of 5 species were found near the Modhubagh bridge road (Spot 2). Species diversity index (H′ = 2.74), species richness (SR = 8.54), aquatic insect distribution evenness (J′ = 0.80), community dominance (CD = 46.94%), and Simpson’s index (λ = 0.17) were analyzed in this study to determine the diversity, abundance, distribution and dominance of aquatic insect fauna in this lake. Bangladesh J. Zool. 50(3): 363-372, 2022

Fungal diversity plays an important role in forest ecosystems stability as well in the health status of mycorrhizal forest trees. At research area in Istria, Croatia, pathogenic fungus Sphaeropsis tip blight (Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko et Sutton) caused substantial damage in Austrian pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold) plantations during the last decades. This research continues on previous done in Austrian pine plantations on predisposition to S. sapinea infections, where site and stress conditions were determined as key factors, but also, the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi were confirmed as biological indicators of the health status in selected plantations. We analyzed fungal diversity of Austrian pine plantations to determine the dependence of species richness and its diversity index, both for total and ECM species only, in relation to S. sapinea infection rate and crown transparency of selected trees. Fungal samples were collected during 2013 at nine permanent research plots in autumn season. Their total and ECM species richness and diversity index were correlated to Sphaeropsis tip blight infection level and crown transparency. Our results did not confirm the hypothesis that Austrian pine plantations with higher total species richness and its diversity index are more resistant to S. sapinea infection nor to crown transparency. Oppositely, ectomycorrhizal species richness and its diversity index might be used as good biological indicators of S. sapinea presence and crown transparency of studied plantations.

Different components of biological diversity of larval Chironomidae, typically the most abundant and the most diverse of all lotic zoo-benthos, were assessed to determine their suitability in prediction of the environmental quality. Animals were collected as 73 samples at 62 riverine sites on the territory of Poland and identified morphologically. The analysis of nonlinear regression was used to compare the suitability of the seven indices of diversity. Traditional indices of taxonomic diversity (taxonomic richness, Margalef and Shannon indices) and indices of taxonomic distinctness were found to be unsuitable for this purpose because of the unimodal type of response of their values along with the gradient of the environmental quality. Contrary to them, values of two measures of phylogenetic diversity monotonically increased along with the values of environmental quality measured by official index MMI (Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index) and were considered highly useful. The best fitted functions estimating relationships between MMI and both indices of phylogenetic diversity (total phylogenetic distance and quadratic entropy) were statistically highly significant and have high values of the fit-accuracy parameters. Original index of phylogenetic diversity ChiPDi based on total phylogenetic diversity, quadratic entropy and taxonomic richness has been presented as well as the proposal of related procedure using barcoding methods.

Bromeliads harbour a great diversity of fauna species. The epiphytic habit of bromeliads is subject to higher temperatures and higher incidence of light than is the epigeic habit, so we expected individuals of the Vriesea neoglutinosa species to differ in terms of the composition, richness and abundance of their fauna associated with different bromeliad habits. We carried out a study in a restinga area on Marambaia Island, Brazil. We collected 32 bromeliads, of which 16 were epigeic and 16 were epiphytic, and found a total of 1125 individual animals of 88 morphospecies. Arthropods stood out in the sample, among which 68.2% were insects. Aquatic fauna was richer in epigeic bromeliads, and terrestrial fauna was richer in epiphytic bromeliads. As expected, species composition was different for aquatic and terrestrial fauna. The heterogeneity of the restinga environment and differences in the development stages of the fauna may be factors that influence its composition. Both bromeliad habits sustain fauna with several trophic guilds that compose a complex food web and depend on the bromeliad environment. As different habits lead to different fauna types, both epigeic and epiphytic bromeliads play a role in the maintenance of local biodiversity and are important for macrofauna conservation in restingas.

In this study, plant species diversity in two urban parks of Kio and Shariati in Khorramabad County were compared. A number of 30 sample plots were sampled from each park using systematic random sampling technique and in each sample plot characteristics of plant species, number of species, diameter at breast height of all trees, height of all trees and shrubs as well as large and small diameters of crown were measured. Simpson's diversity and evenness indices as well as Shannon Hill, and Brillouin diversity indices were used to assess plant diversity. Species richness was calculated using the number of species in each sample plot. Species diversity indices were calculated using the software Metadology Ecologycal and the t test was used to assess the significance of differences of these two indexes between the Kio and Shariati Parks. The results show that Kio Park had the higher average Shannon (1.514), Simpson (0.695), Hill (2.854) and Briloin (1.061) diversity indices indicating higher species diversity than Shariati Park. Also this park also has the higher Simpson evenness index (0.792) and the species richness (3.633), which indicates a better distribution and abundance of species in the park. The difference between averages of diversity indices at confidence level of 1% and the difference between averages of the evenness index at 5% were significant.

The upper reaches of Bailong River, a significant branch of the Yangtze River, is one of the important regions in the Yangtze River Natural Forest Protection Project. Based on the survey and the data from 36 plots, characteristics of species diversity of plant communities in the upper reaches of Bailong River were discussed in this paper. The study showed that richness index varied as follows: tree layerherb layershrub layer. The evenness indices varied between communities as follows: a) Rhododendron fastigiatum _ Abies fargesii community: herb layershrub layertree layer; b) moss_ A. fargesii community: tree layer shrub layer herb layer; and c) other communities: shrub layer herb layer tree layer. Diversity indices in tree layer were lower than that in herb layer and in shrub layer. While the diversity indices between herb layer and shrub layer varied with shade density, i.e. greater the shade density, lower the diversity indices in herb layer. When shade density of stand was about 45%, diversity index in herb layer were almost equal to that in shrub layer; when shade density of stand was about 30%, diversity index in shrub layer were lower than that in herb layer; when shade density of stand was above 55%, diversity indices in shrub layer were higher than that in herb layer. General richness index, evenness indices and species diversity of Pinus tabulaeformis community distributed on the sunny slope were higher than that of the grass_ Picea asperata community growing on the shady slope along the same elevation zone (2 500_2 700 m). The study detected that general species diversity and general evenness indices of different plant communities decreased gradually from broadleaf mixed community dominated by Quercus liaotungensis at 2 400 m elevation, to grasses_ Picea asperata community at 2 600 m elevation, to bamboo ( Sinarundinaria nitida )_ A. fargesii community at 2 800 m elevation, to moss_ A. fargesii community at 3 000 m elevation, to R. fastigiatum _ A. fargesii community at 3 200 m elevation zone, and then progressively increased in R. fastigiatum shrubs from 3 400 m, with altitudinal increase. The study also indicated that species diversity and evenness index gradually increased from shrubs stage dominated by Spiraea alpina and Sibiraea angustata to broadleaf mixed forest stage dominated by Betula albo_sinensis , to broadleaf and needleleaf mixed forest stage dominated by B. albo_sinensis and Picea purpurea, and then decreased at the needleleaf community stage dominated by P. purpurea in the natural succession series of P. purpurea community after artificial logging.

ABSTRACTIn many parts of the world forest disturbance regimes have intensified recently, and future climatic changes are expected to amplify this development further in the coming decades. These changes are increasingly challenging the main objectives of forest ecosystem management, which are to provide ecosystem services sustainably to society and maintain the biological diversity of forests. Yet a comprehensive understanding of how disturbances affect these primary goals of ecosystem management is still lacking. We conducted a global literature review on the impact of three of the most important disturbance agents (fire, wind, and bark beetles) on 13 different ecosystem services and three indicators of biodiversity in forests of the boreal, cool‐ and warm‐temperate biomes. Our objectives were to (i) synthesize the effect of natural disturbances on a wide range of possible objectives of forest management, and (ii) investigate standardized effect sizes of disturbance for selected indicators via a quantitative meta‐analysis. We screened a total of 1958 disturbance studies published between 1981 and 2013, and reviewed 478 in detail. We first investigated the overall effect of disturbances on individual ecosystem services and indicators of biodiversity by means of independence tests, and subsequently examined the effect size of disturbances on indicators of carbon storage and biodiversity by means of regression analysis. Additionally, we investigated the effect of commonly used approaches of disturbance management, i.e. salvage logging and prescribed burning. We found that disturbance impacts on ecosystem services are generally negative, an effect that was supported for all categories of ecosystem services, i.e. supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural services (P < 0.001). Indicators of biodiversity, i.e. species richness, habitat quality and diversity indices, on the other hand were found to be influenced positively by disturbance (P < 0.001). Our analyses thus reveal a ‘disturbance paradox’, documenting that disturbances can put ecosystem services at risk while simultaneously facilitating biodiversity. A detailed investigation of disturbance effect sizes on carbon storage and biodiversity further underlined these divergent effects of disturbance. While a disturbance event on average causes a decrease in total ecosystem carbon by 38.5% (standardized coefficient for stand‐replacing disturbance), it on average increases overall species richness by 35.6%. Disturbance‐management approaches such as salvage logging and prescribed burning were neither found significantly to mitigate negative effects on ecosystem services nor to enhance positive effects on biodiversity, and thus were not found to alleviate the disturbance paradox. Considering that climate change is expected to intensify natural disturbance regimes, our results indicate that biodiversity will generally benefit from such changes while a sustainable provisioning of ecosystem services might come increasingly under pressure. This underlines that disturbance risk and resilience require increased attention in ecosystem management in the future, and that new approaches to addressing the disturbance paradox in management are needed.

The epigeic fauna in the sink holes was studied using formaldehyde ground traps at 14-day intervals from April to October in 2002 and 2003. A total of 5 transects of traps have been installed within 5 selected areas of the northern part of the Moravian Karst. Areas within the district of Vilémovice, Lažánky and Ostrov near Macocha villages have been studied in particular. Sink holes have been selected on the basis of how they are probably influenced by human activities (types such as regularly mown sink holes within a thoroughly exploited field – 1, sink holes partially or totally overgrown by shrubs – 3 and 2, sink holes with fully developed trees – 4, sink holes within an intensely exploited meadow – 5.It was the aim of this study to determine the species composition of individual areas, numbers of individual species, differences among areas characterised by synoecological characteristics such as the dominance, Shannon-Wieneręs index of species diversity, equitability, Jaccardęs index of similarity and to try to express the degree of anthropogenic influence. Similarity of individual areas has also been evaluated by means of the cluster analysis (on the basis of the Jaccardęs index).Eudominant species were Abax parallelepipedus, Anchomenus dorsalis, Carabus ullrichi, Microlestes maurus, Poecilus cupreus and Pterostichus melanarius. Species such as Aptinus bombarda, Licinus depressus, Molops elatus and Syntomus obscuroguttatus were the most important ones. The highest and lowest values of the index of species diversity were found in the area No. 4, and 1 and 2, respectively. Equitability was the highest and the lowest in the area No. 4 and 1, respectively. According to the Jaccardęs index, areas No. 2 and 3, and No. 1 and 4 were the most and least similar ones, respectively. A total of 53.3%, 45.6% and 1.1% of species could, be classified as belonging to the group E, A and R, respectively. The group E represents eurytopic species inhabiting a large variety of habitats, the group A contains species of more or less natural habitats while in the group R there are species with the most narrow ecological valence. The highest index of community was in the area No. 4, while the lowest in the area No. 1.The total results and the evaluation of characteristics such as dominance, index of diversity, equitability, ecological bond to the habitat expressed by species classification of A, E or R and the index the carabid beetle community proves the fact that areas No. 4 and 5 are under the least anthropogenic influence.