Abstract
Abstract Salicaceae (Malpighiales) has a pantropical distribution, with 58 genera and ca. 1,200 species, and the Neotropical region is its center of diversity. In Brazil, 20 genera and 104 species can be found, of which 35 species are endemic. Holding almost half of Salicaceae diversity of the Atlantic Forest domain, Espírito Santo state has registered 23 species and four genera. Facing a large number of unidentified vouchers from the north of the state and challenging diagnostic characters for specific delimitation, this work aims to provide a taxonomic survey of Salicaceae of the Rio Preto National Forest. To do so, monthly field expeditions were carried out from January/2018 to March/2020. Salicaceae of Rio Preto National Forest is represented by four genera and nine species, where the genus Xylosma (X. glaberrima) and the species Banara serrata are new records to Espírito Santo state. Casearia is the richest genus with six species. Characters such as thorns, stipules, leaf punctations, type of venation and leaf margin, position and morphology of the leaf glands, position and morphology (sessile or pedunculate) of the inflorescences, number of floral whorls and position of the disc lobes are the most important characters for specific recognition.
Highlights
Salicaceae is inserted in Malpighiales and is subdivided into three subfamilies (Samydoideae, Scyphostegioideae and Salicoideae) with about 1,000 species and 55 genera distributed pantropically, whose center of diversity is in the Neotropics (Sleumer 1980; APG IV 2016)
The state of Espírito Santo is fully inserted in the Atlantic Forest domain, and has registered four genera (Abatia, Banara, Casearia and Macrothumia) and 47 species of Salicaceae, of which 15 are endemic to Brazil, including Banara trinitatis Sleumer (1980: 22) and Casearia espiritosantensis Marquete & Mansano (2010: 20), which have until now confirmed occurrence only for Espírito Santo (BFG 2018)
Among the species occurring in the study area, only X. glaberrima is evaluated for its conservation, being classified as Near Threatened (NT)
Summary
Salicaceae is inserted in Malpighiales and is subdivided into three subfamilies (Samydoideae, Scyphostegioideae and Salicoideae) with about 1,000 species and 55 genera distributed pantropically, whose center of diversity is in the Neotropics (Sleumer 1980; APG IV 2016). The phytogeographic domains of the Amazon and Atlantic Forest are the most diversified, with 62 and 47 species, respectively (BFG 2018). The state of Espírito Santo is fully inserted in the Atlantic Forest domain, and has registered four genera (Abatia, Banara, Casearia and Macrothumia) and 47 species of Salicaceae, of which 15 are endemic to Brazil, including Banara trinitatis Sleumer (1980: 22) and Casearia espiritosantensis Marquete & Mansano (2010: 20), which have until now confirmed occurrence only for Espírito Santo (BFG 2018). Due to the inclusion of most species of Flacourtiaceae in Salicaceae, the taxonomy of this group is quite complex, especially considering the fact that Flacourtiaceae was a family where taxa with uncertain relationships and identities were inserted (Chase et al 2002). Chase et al (2002) separated the species of Flacourtiaceae into two groups, Achariaceae and Lacistemataceae, considered the “cyanogenic Flacourtiaceae”, and a larger group, the “non-cyanogenic Flacourtiaceae”, which was transferred to Salicaceae
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