Abstract
Abstract Species of Acanthaceae are predominantly associated with conserved forest environments such as Iguaçu National Park (PARNA Iguaçu), which is composed of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest and Araucaria forest. The aim of this work was to perform a floristic study of Acanthaceae of PARNA Iguaçu, with botanical illustrations, an identification key and descriptions of the species. Collections were carried out monthly from August 2015 to July 2016, in the areas of Céu Azul, Capanema and Foz do Iguaçu. The individuals collected were deposited in the UNOP herbarium and the specimens present in the herbaria EVB, HCF, MBM and UNOP, as well as in the virtual herbaria Reflora and SpeciesLink, were analyzed. A total of 13 native species were recorded from Atlantic Forest, distributed in seven genera. Justicia was the most representative, with five species. In all, 12 new records were made for PARNA Iguaçu, of which eight are new records for Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. Of the species found, three are threatened with extinction, one of which is considered vulnerable and two are categorized as endangered, which reinforces the role of PARNA Iguaçu in in-situ conservation in the state of Paraná.
Highlights
Lamiales is a monophyletic order and Acanthaceae is one of its most diverse family in Brazil with 39 genres and 453 species (BFG 2018).The Acanthaceae family is monophyletic and divided into four subfamilies: Nelsonioideae Pfeiff., characterized mainly by lacking cystoliths and capsules without retinacula and numerous seeds; Thunbergioideae Kostel., which are mainly2 de 15 lianas,; Acanthoideae Link., with a retinaculum and explosive capsules; and Avicenniodeae, which is monophyletic and sister to Thunbergioideae (McDade et al 2008; Stevens 2012).Acanthoideae is the subfamily with the largest number of species, approximately 4,000
It is characterized by having loculicidal capsules with retinacula, which are lignified and developed funiculi, hook shaped that support the seeds, and when the capsules open the elastic movement of the wall launches the seeds a certain distance (Witztum & Schulgasser 1995)
There is only one recent taxonomic study for Ruelliinae Nees, which is one of the largest subtribes of Acanthaceae, but this study only addresses the genera Dyschoriste Nees, Hygrophyla R.Br. and Ruellia L. (Silva 2011)
Summary
Acanthoideae is the subfamily with the largest number of species, approximately 4,000 It is characterized by having loculicidal capsules with retinacula, which are lignified and developed funiculi, hook shaped that support the seeds, and when the capsules open the elastic movement of the wall launches the seeds a certain distance (Witztum & Schulgasser 1995). It is composed of a basal clade, the tribe Acantheae, which is sister to the other tribes, whose morphological synapomorphy is the presence of cystoliths and includes Ruelliae and Justiciae (McDade et al 2008). In Flora do Brasil (2020), 39 genera and 453 species are identified and for Paraná, 17 genera and 54 species
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