Abstract
Lichen is a symbiotic plant built by the cells of algae and fungi hyphae. Algae are usually presented - green (Chlorophyta) or blue green (Cyanophyta), a mushroom commonly found is ascomycetae and sometimes basidiomycetae. Mushrooms receive oxygen and carbohydrates from algae, and they in turn provide water, CO2 and mineral salts. Lichens are often found on trees and rocks in unpolluted environments and can be used as a bioindicator species. In during 2015-2016. was realized a survey of epiphytic lichen flora of the western mountains in environment of Vranje. Sampling was carried out at 4 locations: Borino brdo, Krstilovica, Markovo Kale and Pljackovica. Based on the collected and determined samples can be concluded that the study implemented of the area of 25 species of lichens of which: 8 as crust, leafy 12 and 5 shrub. The research results indicate that the lichen flora of the western mountains environments Vranje of a rich and diverse as a result of favorable geographic position, geological and soil composition, climate and plant cover that provide opportunities for the development and survival of lichens.
Highlights
The lichen covers about 20 000 species
Diversity, incidence of certain types of lichen is caused by a combination of climatic factors, physiological factors as well as numerous more or less controlled factors
Fr., Parmelia sulcata Taylor., Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach. i Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach.; Samples from the locality Markovo Kale demonstrate the presence of 10 species of lichens and six crusty and four leaf
Summary
The lichen covers about 20 000 species. This is a group of plants specific nature: performing photosynthesis produce organic matter, are extremely sensitive to the presence of sulfur dioxide and pH change on different substrates on which survive (air pollution on lichens manifested by reducing the density of the population or its complete disappearance); contain lichen acid - necessary for the production of medicinal products in medicine; have antibiotic properties, in their composition are essential oils, which have a pleasant odor and can be used for the production of fragrances; a source of natural colors - Litmus was first extracted from the lichen from which can be obtained and other natural colors. Of the total number of known lichen 80% belongs crusty These lichens covering most of the trees, the tree from which the bark peeled and grow on a variety of substrates. In Vlasotince, Stamenkovic is studied biological indications of air pollution with the wood decaying lichens at 16 locations in the municipality Vlasotince It was determined the presence of 33 species of lichens from 15 rows. The most common genera by number of species are: Parmelia (10), Cladonia (9), Peltigera, Umbilicaria with five species They found nine new species of lichens “new for the lichen flora'' Yugoslavia: Psoroma hypnorum (Vahl.)S.Gray., Solorina spongiosa (Sm.)Anzi, Stereocaulon paschale (L.) Hoffman., Umbilicaria vellea Ach., Usnea cavernosa Tuck., Letharia vulpina (L.) Wain., i Lepraria crassissima (Hue.) Leth. Kopaonika”, Cvijan, M., Savić, S., Sabadoš (1997), “Lišajevi kao indikatori aerozagađenja na području Beograda”
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