Abstract
We introduce the concept of Floquet odd-frequency superconducting pairs and establish their emergence in time-periodic conventional superconductors, where the continuous time-translation invariance is broken. We show that these exotic Cooper pairs are possible because the Floquet modes in time-periodic systems provide an additional index (a Floquet index) that broadens the classification of pair symmetries, with no analog in the static regime. Our results thus put forward a different route for odd-frequency superconducting pairs and pave the way for Floquet engineered dynamical superconducting states.
Highlights
Since its discovery, superconductivity has garnered widespread attention owing to its fundamental mechanisms and due to its large number of applications, making it one of the core areas in condensed matter
The symmetries of Cooper pairs are constrained by the fermionic nature of the constituent electrons [7], which imposes antisymmetry on the Cooper pair amplitude under the interchange of all quantum numbers of the paired electrons, including the exchange of their time coordinates
This allows for the usual pair correlations between electronic states at equal times, and permits electron pairing at different times
Summary
Superconductivity has garnered widespread attention owing to its fundamental mechanisms and due to its large number of applications, making it one of the core areas in condensed matter. The symmetries of Cooper pairs are constrained by the fermionic nature of the constituent electrons [7], which imposes antisymmetry on the Cooper pair amplitude under the interchange of all quantum numbers of the paired electrons, including the exchange of their time coordinates This allows for the usual pair correlations between electronic states at equal times, and permits electron pairing at different times. In this work we show that odd-ω superconducting pairs are generically present in time-periodic superconductors, where properties are described in terms of Floquet bands (see Fig. 1). We find that these Floquet bands provide an additional index. The prospect of inducing and controlling dynamical pairs by time-periodic fields opens the route for Floquet engineered dynamical superconducting correlations
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