Abstract
The outburst flood of the Baige landslide dam caused tremendous damage to infrastructure, unfinished hydraulic buildings, roads, and bridges that were built or under construction along the Jinsha River. Can downstream hydraulic buildings, such as high dams with flood control and discharge function, accommodate outburst floods or generate more serious losses due to wave overtopping? In this study, the unsteady flow of a one-dimensional hydraulic calculation was used to simulate natural flood discharge. Assuming a high dam (Yebatan arch dam) is constructed downstream, the flood processes were carried out in two forms of high dam interception (complete interception, comprehensive flood control of blocking and draining). Moreover, three-dimensional visualization of the inundation area was performed. Simulation results indicate that the Yebatan Hydropower Station can completely eliminate the outburst flood risk even under the most dangerous situations. This station can reduce the flood peak and delay the peak flood arrival time. Specifically, the flood peak decreased more obviously when it was closer to the upstream area, and the flood peak arrival time was more delayed when the flood spread further downstream. In addition, the downstream water depth was reduced by approximately 10 m, and the inundation area was reduced to half of the natural discharge. This phenomenon shows that hydraulic buildings such as high dams can reduce the inundation area of downstream farmlands and extend the evacuation time for downstream residents during the flood process, thus reducing the loss of life and property.
Highlights
The landslide dam, which is mainly composed of sediment and rock, is weak against water pressure and scouring [1,2,3,4]
When the water depth behind the dam is higher than the highest elevation of the dam, it will destroy the dammed body and form a large outburst flood, threatening the local residents and buildings downstream of the dam and even causing significant damage [5,6,7,8,9]
In 1786, the discharge of the Mogangling landslide dam outburst flood caused the deaths of approximately 100,000 people [11]
Summary
The landslide dam, which is mainly composed of sediment and rock, is weak against water pressure and scouring [1,2,3,4]. When the water depth behind the dam is higher than the highest elevation of the dam, it will destroy the dammed body and form a large outburst flood, threatening the local residents and buildings downstream of the dam and even causing significant damage [5,6,7,8,9]. Many outburst floods have caused massive amounts of casualties and property losses, and even the extermination of civilizations [10]. In 1786, the discharge of the Mogangling landslide dam outburst flood caused the deaths of approximately 100,000 people [11]. In 1933, approximately 2500 people were killed and disappeared during the outburst flood of the Diexi landslide dam [13]. The damage of land and water transportation, the unpredictable nature of the surrounding environment, and the extremely short construction time
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