Flood Risk Management and Assessment of I ts Impact on Nile River Zone

Abstract

Egypt is one of the countries that will face significant challenges in the coming years, especially with dam projects, climate changes, and sea-level rise. These challenges may lead to water shortage or lead to excess inflow water according to the operation rules for these dams. As a result, many considerations must be made in order to face these challenges. One of them, which is the focus of this research, is studying the impact of the extra discharge that can be released downstream of the High Aswan Dam to manage disaster considering the dam operation restrictions. Two-dimensional mathematical model (Delft3D) is used to predict the water surface profile associated with high discharge, which is about 350 m.m3/day under different scenarios of Barrage operation rules in the study area. The Great Cairo Region, where significant projects such as tourism, water, and power plants have been chosen to carry out this study, is the most critical and active area. For each scenario, the predicted water level and its impact on human properties and habitations is analyzed. In addition, many other side effects on the river behavior, such as aggradations, degradation, bank erosion and inundation are evaluated. An application was developed using the Python programming language and GIS to store predicted water levels and assess the database for the river's vulnerable facilities. Finally, the study will propose a strategy for managing and mitigating flood hazards.