Abstract
In this study, focusing on buildings as the smallest unit of urban space, the distribution characteristics of risk factors were examined by building use as an adaptable measure for urban flooding disasters. Flood risk is calculated as a function of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. The flood risk for a building was classified into five classes, and the distribution characteristics of buildings were examined according to England’s flood risk vulnerability classification system, known as Planning Policy Statement 25 (PPS25). After analyzing the risk of flooding in Ulsan Metropolitan City, one of Korea’s representative urban areas, it was found that while Dong-gu District can be considered relatively safe, districts of Jung-gu and Nam-gu, as well as Ulju-gun, have highly vulnerable buildings with red and orange ratings, which include motor vehicles-related facilities, education and welfare facilities, and residential facilities. There has been evidence to prove that urban flood disaster affects topography and the environment, in addition to having a significant effect on adaptability depending on the facility groups that resulted from urbanization. This study is expected to serve as a scientific database for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation to floods during land-use planning, which would eventually allow for systematic management of high-risk buildings through verification of location suitability of buildings by facility group.
Highlights
This study identified high-risk buildings, determined by building use whether buildings with high vulnerability were clustered, and analyzed buildings that require facility reinforcement, urban planning
Korean climate change and urbanization rates are significantly higher than the global average, raising concerns that the country will become extremely vulnerable to disasters
As climate change and rapid urbanization are increasing the risk of disasters, developed countries and international organizations have introduced the concept of adaptation into the disaster prevention sector
Summary
Climatological, meteorological, and hydrological hazards have been increasing in magnitude and frequency due to climate change (i.e., temperature, precipitation, and humidity) [1]. The frequency of climate-induced disasters (CIDs) has tripled in the last three decades, driving the World Economic Forum to identify them as the most likely and most impactful risks worldwide [2]. Global research shows that flood hazard has become the most common disaster that may bring more harmful effects than other disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons [3]. In the United States, flooding had devastating impacts on communities in terms of social and economic aspects over the last couple of decades [4]. One-third of the economic losses due to natural hazards in Europe are related to flooding, one of the most frequent hazards with windstorms [6]
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