Flood Quantile Estimates Related to Model and Optimization Criteria

Abstract

Flood frequency analysis (FFA) provides information about the probable size of flood flows. Empirical methods are more commonly employed in engineering design and planning, and among empirical methods the at-site frequency analysis is by far the most commonly used method. When applying the methods of at-site flood frequency analysis, it is clear that the role of hydrology seems minor at best and the role of statistics seems to be the lead one, whereas it should be the other way round. FFA entails the estimation of the upper quantiles of an assumed form of a probability density function of the annual or partial duration maximum flows, as the true function is not known. In the paper, the five two-parameter models and their three-parameter counterparts have been assumed successively for describing the annual peak flows for Nowy Targ gauging station on the Dunajec River. The 1 % quantile has been estimated by four optimization criteria. To find the best fitting model, three discrimination procedures have been applied. The best fitting model and, thus, hydrological design value depends on the optimization criterion and the procedure of discrimination. It is characteristic for hydrological size of samples. At the same time, the designers of the hydraulic structures want to have a unique value, not accepting the uncertainty. It seems essential that we should go back and start examining the way in which we have been doing the hydrological frequency analysis.