Abstract
The microbial flocculant (MFX) extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae J1 was used to remove carbamazepine in prepared wastewater and domestic sewage. The influence factors and flocculation mechanism were studied. The optimal carbamazepine removal conditions for MFX were pH of 7-8, 7 mL of flocculant, 0.1 mL of coagulant, and 35°C, and the removal rate reached 81.75%. MFX was efficient in the removal of carbamazepine in both domestic sewage (75.03%) and secondary sedimentation tank effluent (69.76%). The pseudo-first-order kinetic equation fitted the adsorption process better than the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, which suggested that the adsorption was not pure chemical adsorption. The analysis of floc size suggested that the repulsive force between carbamazepine and MFX was weakened under alkalescent conditions, which can help the growth and coherence of flocs and increase the carbamazepine removal efficiency. Enough dosage of MFX can generate larger flocs, but excessive dosage of MFX will decrease the carbamazepine removal rate because of increase in electrostatic repulsion. The analysis of 3D-EEM and FTIR suggested that hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl in MFX played an important role in the removal of carbamazepine. As an eco-friendly and highly efficient microbial flocculant, MFX has potential for practical applications in carbamazepine removal.
Highlights
Carbamazepine (CBZ), a typical pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP) [1,2,3], is a medicine for the treatment of epilepsy, depression, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, and central partial diabetes insipidus [4]
It can be seen that MFX was efficient in the removal of carbamazepine both in domestic sewage (75.03%) and in secondary sedimentation tank effluent (69.76%), which suggested that MFX had a good removal effect on carbamazepine
The R2 of the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation is 0.976, which is much higher than the R2 of the pseudosecond-order kinetic equation. These results suggested that the adsorption of carbamazepine by MFX was more in line with the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation
Summary
Carbamazepine (CBZ), a typical pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP) [1,2,3], is a medicine for the treatment of epilepsy, depression, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, and central partial diabetes insipidus [4]. Carbamazepine widely exists in the effluent of urban sewage plants, surface water, and soil. It is urgent to improve the removal efficiency of carbamazepine in the research of PPCP pollutants. There are many other contaminants in actual wastewater, and these contaminants could compete against carbamazepine, which will decrease the carbamazepine removal efficiency by MFX. Besides prepared solutions, it is important to conduct experiments on carbamazepine removal in actual wastewater. MFX was used to remove carbamazepine from wastewater. Considering the practical application of MFX, the carbamazepine removal efficiency by MFX was studied in domestic sewage and in secondary sedimentation tank effluent. The adsorption kinetics and the mechanism of carbamazepine flocculation were studied
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