Floating Ice Transport Conditions at the Cross-Sections Between Pier Columns in Open Ice-Water Two-Phase Flow Canals

Xiangpeng Mu,Yunfei Chen,Juan Bao

doi:10.3390/w12061813

Xiangpeng Mu, Yunfei Chen + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061813

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Abstract

Floating ice is easy to jam at the cross-sections contracted by bridge pier, gate pier, etc., in ice-water two-phase flow canals. To solve the problem, the critical hydraulic conditions of floating ice transport at the cross-sections between pier columns were explored in this study. Based on the generalized physical model of the cross-sections between pier columns of water transfer canals, the movement and transport characteristics of floating ice in front of the pier columns were studied under different hydraulic conditions and ice conditions, and the critical hydraulic conditions necessary for floating ice to pass through the cross-sections between pier columns were analyzed. Moreover, dimensional analysis and regression analysis were carried out in order to establish an empirical equation for calculating the critical water flow Fr (Froude number) for the floating ice to be transported through the cross-sections between pier columns, thus providing a basis for the ice jam risk assessment and hydraulic regulation of ice-water two-phase flow canals, as well as control of the emergent ice drainage of canals during freezing periods.

Highlights

Water transfer under ice cover is the most common mode of water transfer during winter at high latitudes
Similar to the force applied on the floating ice at the front edge of the ice cover, stagnated ice blocks impeded by pier columns will be affected by the front edge effect and the Venturi effect under the action of water flow [26], i.e., the water flow will be separated and accelerated at the front edge of the stagnated ice blocks, forming a negative pressure area within a certain range at the front edge of the bottom of the ice block
According to the test results, when the water flow conditions do not reach the levels that cause the ice blocks to flip and dive in front of the pier columns, i.e., when the water flow velocity or Fr of the flume is relatively small, the ice blocks will stagnate between the pier columns and their state will not change over time

Summary

Introduction

Water transfer under ice cover is the most common mode of water transfer during winter at high latitudes. Water Transfer Project from the Yellow River to Tianjin, and the Water Transfer Project from Miyun to Beijing, as well as in the canal projects of northern Europe and Russia, water is transferred under ice cover in winter. Before the onset of winter, measures such as reducing the water flow Fr of the canal and setting up ice boom should be taken to promote the formation of ice cover as soon as possible during the freezing period. Once the ice cover has formed, as long as the discharge and the water level of the canal remain stable during the freezing period, the ice cover could be stabilized, thereby achieving safe water transfer throughout the freezing period. Water transfer under ice cover is a relatively reliable and safe way to transport water during freezing periods

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