Abstract
Oscillation and collective behavior of diffusion flames is a fascinating phenomena. Considering candle bundles with different sizes in variable oxygen concentration, the flickering dynamics of the flames are experimentally and theoretically investigated. Trends for the flickering frequency as a function of the candle number in the bundle and oxygen concentration is revealed for various topologies of the candles packing. The collective behavior of the flames as a function of their separation distance is studied by measuring an appropriate synchronization order parameter and through the common oscillation frequency. In agreement with previous results we find a discontinuous phase transition between an in-phase synchronized state at small separation distance and a counter-phase synchronized state at larger separation distances. A previously used dynamical model is modified in order to accommodate our experimental findings.
Highlights
Oscillation and collective behavior of diffusion flames is a fascinating phenomena
Our results outperforms the measurement from[13] by considering much larger bundles and various topologies. These results are in clear disagreement with the prediction of the dynamical model from (1), which suggests that the frequency should increase with the bundle size
Movies recorded with the high-speed camera regarding the collective behavior of the flame of two candle bundles can be consulted on our YouTube playlist[18]
Summary
Oscillation and collective behavior of diffusion flames is a fascinating phenomena. Considering candle bundles with different sizes in variable oxygen concentration, the flickering dynamics of the flames are experimentally and theoretically investigated. The dynamical system approach presented in the work of Kitahata et al.[7] is revised by changing the equations so that they lead to realistic trends as a function of the system parameters both for the oscillation of the flame in one candle bundle and for their collective behaviour as a function of the separation distance.
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