FlgL mutation reduces pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila by negatively regulating swimming ability, biofilm forming ability, adherence and virulence gene expression

Abstract

Aeromonas hydrophila is a serious human and animal co-pathogenic bacterium. Flagellum, a key virulence factor, is vital for bacterium tissue colonization and invasion. flgL is a crucial gene involved in the composition of flagellum. However, the impact of flgL on virulence is not yet clear. In this study, we constructed a stable mutant strain (△flgL-AH) using homologous recombination. The results of the attack experiments indicated a significant decrease in the virulence of △flgL-AH. The biological properties analysis revealed a significant decline in swimming ability and biofilm formation capacity in △flgL-AH and the transmission electron microscope results showed that the ∆flgL-AH strain did not have a flagellar structure. Moreover, a significant decrease in the adhesion capacity of ∆flgL-AH was found using absolute fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the expression of omp and the eight flagellum-related genes were down-regulated. In summary, flgL mutation leads to a reduction in pathogenicity possibly via decreasing the swimming ability, biofilm formation capacity and adhesion capacity, these changes might result from the down expression of omp and flagellar-related genes.