Abstract
By using agent-based simulations, Delton and colleagues (1) suggested in PNAS that cooperation by humans in one-shot interactions could have evolved as a byproduct of selection for reciprocity when it is uncertain if interactions will be repeated. We believe their work should be commended both for the novelty of the hypothesis proposed and the explicit cognitive framework in which the model is posed, providing new insight into an important interdisciplinary problem. However, as a result of the authors’ focus on decision-making in the first round of interaction, the possibility of subsequent strategy updating is ignored and, as a result, only a small region of the possible strategy space is examined. We believe it is these constraints that have determined the outcome of cooperation in one-shot interactions, which are probably not as general as the authors claim.
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