Abstract
Rockfall has plagued infrastructure for centuries, whether generated by natural weathering of unaltered rock slopes or due to jointing and weaknesses in constructed rock slopes. Rockfall in the U.S. has been formally studied since the early 1960s, when Arthur Ritchie, chief geologist with the Washington State Department of Highways, assessed inadequacies with the state of practice relative to catchment ditch design. Since that time, rockfall analysis has become more sophisticated with the use of 3D simulation and rockfall runout models. Several international manufacturers have developed flexible rockfall barrier (fence-like) systems, the designs of which are continuously updated and improved based on testing and field performance. Most flexible rockfall barrier manufacturers also offer debris flow and avalanche barriers using similar elements.
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