Abstract
In contemporary bioanalysis, monitoring the antioxidant activity (AOA) of the human skin is used to assess stresses, nutrition, cosmetics, and certain skin diseases. Non-invasive methods for skin AOA monitoring have certain advantages over invasive methods, namely cost-effectiveness, lower labor intensity, reduced risk of infection, and obtaining results in the real-time mode. This study presents a new flexible potentiometric sensor system (FPSS) for non-invasive determination of the human skin AOA, which is based on flexible film electrodes (FFEs) and membrane containing a mediator ([Fe(CN)6]3–/4–). Low-cost available materials and scalable technologies were used for FFEs manufacturing. The indicator FFE was fabricated based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and carbon veil (CV) by single-sided hot lamination. The reference FFE was fabricated based on PET film and silver paint by using screen printing, which was followed by the electrodeposition of precipitate containing a mixture of silver chloride and silver ferricyanide (SCSF). The three-electrode configuration of the FPSS, including two indicator FFEs (CV/PET) and one reference FFE (SCSF/Ag/PET), has been successfully used for measuring the skin AOA and evaluating the impact of phytocosmetic products. FPSS provides reproducible (RSD ≤ 7%) and accurate (recovery of antioxidants is almost 100%) results, which allows forecasting its broad applicability in human skin AOA monitoring as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of topically and orally applied antioxidants.
Highlights
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and performs several vital functions, such as protective, sensory, thermoregulatory and others
Since the non-electrically conductive substrate does not affect the potentiostatic electrodeposition of the precipitate, the results presented in [44] are fully valid for the silver chloride and silver ferricyanide (SCSF)/Ag/polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
The use of flexible, soft, and stretchable materials is the basis for creating tactile, including wearable, sensors that are advantageous in terms stability, reliability, and convenience as compared with conventional “rigid” electronic devices
Summary
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and performs several vital functions, such as protective, sensory, thermoregulatory and others. Non-invasive methods are based on performing measurements directly on a testable skin area in real time and include reflection [15,16,17], resonance Raman [16,17,18,19], and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy [19,20,21]; linear sweep [22] and cyclic [23,24] voltammetry; and potentiometry [25,26,27,28,29,30]. Proposed a single-use potentiometric sensor system to evaluate the AOA of human skin; the obtained results showed a lower degree of reproducibility as compared with a sensor system relying on a commercial platinum screen-printed electrode. The analysis of Web of Science and Scopus publications has not revealed any case reporting the use of CV for monitoring the AOA of biological objects
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
