Abstract
AbstractMXenes derived from 413 MAX phases are rarely studied but they have the potential to have superior electrical and mechanical properties thanks to a thicker monolayer (four layers of transition metal and three layers of carbon or nitrogen). In this paper, Nb4C3Tx MXene nanosheets are delaminated and freestanding film with 1.77 nm interlayer spacing is obtained, which is larger than that of most previous MXenes. When Nb4C3Tx freestanding films are tested as supercapacitors electrodes, Nb4C3Tx shows high volumetric capacitance, 1075, 687, and 506 F cm−3 in 1 m H2SO4, 1 m KOH, and 1 m MgSO4, respectively, at the scan rate of 5 mV s−1. An in situ X‐ray diffraction technique is used to study the structural changes during the electrochemical charging in 1 m H2SO4 and 1 m MgSO4. There is almost no change in the 21 Å interlayer spacing during the cycling, because the space between the MXene layers is sufficient to accommodate the insertion and deinsertion of cations. This can lead to stable performance of Nb4C3Tx MXene energy storage devices.
Highlights
Ti3C2Tx,[5] V2CTx,[6] Nb4C3Tx,[7] Nb2CTx[8] are well known and show promise in the field of hydrogen storage,[9] photocatalysis,[10] solarThe development of portable and wearable electronic devices has cells,[11] sewage treatment,[12] and especially energy storage.[13]posed new challenges to clean energy storage
Supercapacitors mainly rely on two different ways to 1 m H2SO4 and 1500 F cm−3 in 3 m H2SO4.[14,15] In 6 m KOH, it is 393 F cm−3 (d-Ti3C2/CNT) and 528 F cm−3 (Ti3C2Tx/PVA-KOH) in 1 m KOH;[16,17] in 1 m MgSO4, it is about 280 F cm−3.[18]. Those values are higher compared to majority of other supercapacitor electrodes
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image in Figure 1b shows that almost all the Nb4C3Tx sample consists of few layers and single layer, and the size of the flake is about 5 μm
Summary
Ti3C2Tx,[5] V2CTx,[6] Nb4C3Tx,[7] Nb2CTx[8] are well known and show promise in the field of hydrogen storage,[9] photocatalysis,[10] solar. Comparing with other reported energy storage devices, supercapacitors can carry out rapid charging and discharging to complete the energy supply, meeting customers’ needs.[1] Supercapacitors mainly rely on two different ways to 1 m H2SO4 and 1500 F cm−3 in 3 m H2SO4.[14,15] In 6 m KOH, it is 393 F cm−3 (d-Ti3C2/CNT) and 528 F cm−3 (Ti3C2Tx/PVA-KOH) in 1 m KOH;[16,17] in 1 m MgSO4, it is about 280 F cm−3.[18] Those values are higher compared to majority of other supercapacitor electrodes. We delaminated Nb4C3Tx and investigated the electrochemical behavior and capacitance of its flexible freestanding membrane in acidic, alkaline, and neutral electrolytes for the first time. The chemical and structural stability of Nb4C3Tx aqueous suspension and flexible membrane are investigated, which lays a foundation for the energy storage and further application of Nb4C3Tx
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