Abstract
Abstract
Highlights
The fluctuating cost of energy, due to multiple reasons including geo-political controls, national or international economic disputes, and the fact that available energy resources are limited, is the main motivation to switch to a clean energy world
The achieved advancements and current progress in the areas of inorganic material-based flexible and stretchable photovoltaic devices have been highlighted with a focus on various practical aspects and up to date industrial data
Flexible solar cells can be divided into three main categories based on the type of inorganic material used, including thin films, low-dimensional materials, and bulk material
Summary
Flexible solar cells based on inorganic materials can be divided into three main categories: thin film, low-dimensional materials, and bulk material. Various thin film materials have been studied to achieve flexible cells using both the substrate and superstrate configurations including a-Si, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), cadmium telluride (CdTe), III–V, and perovskite. Future progress is bright for a-Si, CIGS, and CdTe thin film-based solar cells on a wide range of flexible substrates. Stretchable solar cells, which are more recent than their flexible counterpart and not commercialized yet, can be divided into three main categories: ultra-thin microcells interconnected with downward buckled interconnects, microwires embedded in an elastomer, and corrugated bulk solar cell based on the interdigitated back contact technology. Flexible and stretchable cells need to be encapsulated in a lowcost polymer that exhibits excellent transparency, low water vapor transmission rate, good stability, and UV resistance
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