Abstract
Versatile, in situ sensing and continuous monitoring capabilities are critically needed, but challenging, for components made of solid woven carbon fibers in aerospace, electronics, and medical applications. In this work, we proposed a unique concept of integrated sensing technology on woven carbon fibers through integration of thin-film surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology and electromagnetic metamaterials, with capabilities of noninvasive, in situ, and continuous monitoring of environmental parameters and biomolecules wirelessly. First, we fabricated composite materials using a three-layer composite design, in which the woven carbon fiber cloth was first coated with a polyimide (PI) layer followed by a layer of ZnO film. Integrated SAW and metamaterials devices were then fabricated on this composite structure. The temperature of the functional area of the device could be controlled precisely using the SAW devices, which could provide a proper incubation environment for biosampling processes. As an ultraviolet light sensor, the SAW device could achieve a good sensitivity of 56.86 ppm/(mW/cm2). On the same integrated platform, an electromagnetic resonator based on the metamaterials was demonstrated to work as a glucose concentration monitor with a sensitivity of 0.34 MHz/(mg/dL).
Highlights
Versatile, in situ sensing and continuous monitoring capabilities are critically needed, but challenging, for components made of solid woven carbon fibers in aerospace, electronics, and medical applications
We explored a new concept of integrated sensing technology on woven carbon fibers through the integration of electromagnetic metamaterials and thin-film acoustic wave sensors, with capabilities of noninvasive, in situ, and continuous monitoring of environmental parameters and biomolecules wirelessly
The design of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices relies on the definition of the interdigitated transducers (IDTs) so that the device supports specified acoustic wave modes
Summary
In situ sensing and continuous monitoring capabilities are critically needed, but challenging, for components made of solid woven carbon fibers in aerospace, electronics, and medical applications. Built-in sensors are often required for monitoring structural health of composite aircrafts made of woven carbon fibers[5] to detect crack generation and propagation in these structures.[6] currently few studies are focused on new types of applications using carbon fiber-based composites for various environmental applications such as temperature and ultraviolet (UV) light sensing or biological applications such as biomolecular and biochemical sensing. For these applications, a key challenge is to develop an integrated approach with the capabilities of efficient biosampling, liquid actuation, high-precision detection, and wireless operation/monitoring capabilities. SAW and electromagnetic resonators due to its highly flexible, extremely porous, and rough surface, which causes significant difficulties in coating uniform piezoelectric layers such as ZnO
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