Abstract
The high penetration of renewable energy resources has made it harder to secure a flexible power system. Accordingly, this has become an issue in operating power systems. As a possible solution, pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) has received much attention because of its fast start-up and ramp characteristics. This study proposes a flexibility-based reserve scheduling method for PHES. In this method, the reserve scheduling of PHES was conducted to improve flexibility; the associated risk index was termed the ramping capability shortage expectation (RSE). The peak-load days in 2016 and 2029 were selected to examine the applicability and performance of the proposed method. Results indicate that the proposed method can improve the flexibility by 4.45% for 2016 and 0.9% for 2029, respectively.
Highlights
In Korea, due to the post-2020 international climate regime and environmental issues related to air pollution or fine dust, the expansion of renewable energy has become a matter of some urgency [1,2]
Integrating more renewable energy resources may deteriorate the flexibility of the power system
It has been reported that the intermittency and the variability of renewable energy resources can adversely affect flexibility [3]
Summary
In Korea, due to the post-2020 international climate regime and environmental issues related to air pollution or fine dust, the expansion of renewable energy has become a matter of some urgency [1,2]. Non-flexible generation and renewable energy resources are expected to reach 70% of the total installed capacity in Korea [16] In this situation, a reserve scheduling method that can account for reservoir energy and improve flexibility may be helpful. Research has been conducted on PHES self-scheduling to maximize power generation company profits in energy and reserve markets [17,18,19,20,21] These methods can reflect the decrease and increase in reservoir energy in accordance with pumping and generation. Most of these studies did not fully consider system aspects, such as the ramping capability or related risk in their formulation They are limited in reflecting the power system flexibility, the reserve capacity is interlocked with the reservoir energy in their scheduling.
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