Abstract
Of the different physical characteristics of fruits, one of the most essential qualities is flesh firmness, as is an important parameter when selling fresh apples, processing the fruit (processing industry) and during its storage. In the scope of our research, we examined five apple varieties originating from the Derecske horticultural site of KITE cPlc. in 2016. The plantation was planted to be suitable for intensive apple production. Samples were collected at the time of maturity (August-October) of the given variety. The five examined apple varieties (Gaia, Isaaq, Modí, Smeralda and Fujion) are all resistant to apple scab (fungal disease caused by Venturia inaequalis). The two-month storage experiment was conducted at 16-17 °C, which had an aggressive effect on our stored apples. Flesh firmness, weight and diameter were measured on three dates for each of the five apple varieties. Our results were evaluated using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software. We aimed to compare flesh firmness, weight and diameter of the five apple varieties and their changes during storage. Isaaq (86.34 N/cm2), Modí (94.06 N/cm2) and Fujion (84.90 N/cm2) had outstanding initial flesh firmness results. The Modí apple variety provided the best storage parameters.
Highlights
Due to the favourable conditions of apple growing, apple has the largest production area in Hungary among fruits
The most important of the many benefits of apples is that they can be stored for a longer period of time, they can be consumed fresh throughout the year. (Laczkovszki, 2012) Considering the market situation, apple growers prefer apple varieties suitable for long-term storage, such as Idared (Inántsy and Balázs, 2004)
In 2016, in our storage experiment, we examined the yield of scab-resistant apple trees from an apple plantation
Summary
Due to the favourable conditions of apple growing, apple has the largest production area in Hungary among fruits. Flesh firmness is an important qualitative parameter of fruits, and penetrometric methods can be used to measure them. Apple flesh is penetrated and its resistance is measured. According to Tukey and Young (1942), the cortex and the stele, are located below the epidermis. It is a part of the flesh of apple, which is made up mainly of parenchyma cells (Smith, 1950). The middle lamella is situated between the cell walls of the parenchyma cells and it is rich in pectin. The cell wall and the middle lamella are a cross-linked structure made of cellulose and pectin (Kállay, 2010), which greatly influences flesh firmness
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