Abstract
Significant economic losses, large affected populations, and serious environmental damage caused by recurrent natural disaster events (NDE) worldwide indicate insufficiency in emergency preparedness and response. The barrier of full life cycle data preparation and information support is one of the main reasons. This paper adopts the method of integrated environmental modeling, incorporates information from existing event protocols, languages, and models, analyzes observation demands from different event stages, and forms the abstract full life cycle natural disaster event metamodel (FLCNDEM) based on meta-object facility. Then task library and knowledge base for floods are built to instantiate FLCNDEM, forming the FLCNDEM for floods (FLCNDEMF). FLCNDEMF is formalized according to Event Pattern Markup Language, and a prototype system, Natural Disaster Event Manager, is developed to assist in the template-based modeling and management. The flood in Liangzi (LZ) Lake of Hubei, China on 16 July 2010 is adopted to illustrate how to apply FLCNDEM in real scenarios. FLCNDEM-based modeling is realized, and the candidate remote sensing (RS) dataset for different observing missions are provided for LZ Lake flood. Taking the mission of flood area extraction as an example, the appropriate RS data are selected via the model of simplified general perturbation version 4, and the flood area in different phases are calculated and displayed on the map. The phase-based modeling and visualization intuitively display the spatial-temporal distribution and the evolution process of the LZ Lake flood, and it is of great significance for flood responding. In addition, through the extension mechanism, FLCNDEM can also be applied in other environmental applications, providing important support for full life cycle information sharing and rapid responding.
Highlights
In 2012, 357 reported natural disaster events (NDE) in 120 countries killed more than 9655 people, left 122.9 million victims and caused a record amount of US$157.3 billion in damages [1]
full life cycle natural disaster event metamodel (FLCNDEM) is formalized by event pattern markup language (EML) because of the representation form of EML can be used by sensor event service (SES) [33], which is an interface specification proposed by open geospatial consortium for filtering streams of incoming observations based upon user defined filter criteria, to perform the filtering of observations and realize the abnormality detection
FLCNDEM proposed in this paper, can on one hand, provide all-stage dynamic information support for NDE, and on the other hand, assist in efficient disaster information management
Summary
In 2012, 357 reported natural disaster events (NDE) in 120 countries killed more than 9655 people, left 122.9 million victims and caused a record amount of US$157.3 billion in damages [1]. Specific information exchanging carriers are of many types, covering Tsunami Warning Markup Language [6], Cyclone Warning Markup Language [7], the earthquake markup language [8], etc These protocols and languages define the elements needed for disaster event information exchanging, and the types, the organization and other properties of them, which can be referenced by other event models or metamodels as one of the attribute sources. The full life cycle natural disaster event metamodel (FLCNDEM), which covers the information of all the phases and could provide observation support for disasters, is proposed in this paper. This paper first analyzes the static representation and dynamic observation requirements from all stages of emergencies, second references the organization of elements, the element types and names from the abovementioned protocols, languages, and models, and proposes the common description framework for all types of NDE based on meta-object facility (MOF), which is FLCNDEM.
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