Abstract
The sterols β-sitostenone (1), stigmast-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (2), β-sitosterol (3) and stigmasterol (4), the aromatic derivatives antiarol (5) and gentisic acid (6), the phenylpropanes coniferyl alcohol (7), epoxyconiferyl alcohol (8) and ferulic acid (9), the apocarotenoid vomifoliol (10), the flavonoids naringenin (11), 7,4′-dimethoxytaxifolin (7,4′-dimethoxydihydroquercetin, 12), aromadendrin (13), kaempferol (14), taxifolin (dihydroquercetin, 15), prunin (naringenin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, 16), populnin (kaempferol-7-O-β-d-glucoside, 17) and senecin (aromadendrin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, 18) and the lignans kobusin (19) and pinoresinol (20), were isolated from the dried bark of Cochlospermum vitifolium Spreng (Cochlospermaceae), a Mexican medicinal plant used to treat jaundice, liver ailments and hepatitis C. Fourteen of these compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant and from the Cochlospermum genus. Compounds 3–4, 6–7, 9–11, 13–17 and 20 have previously exhibited diverse beneficial liver activities. The presence of these compounds in C. vitifolium correlates with the use of this Mexican medicinal plant.
Highlights
The Cochlospermaceae family comprises seven genera: Amoreuxia, Azeredia, Cochlospermum, Euryanthe, Lachnocistus, Maximilianea and Wittelsbachia
Cochlospermum vitifolium biosynthesizes among other compounds the sterols 3 and 4, the aromatic compounds 6, 7 and 9, the apocatrotenoid 10, the flavonoids 11 and 13–17, and the lignan 20, which have demonstrated beneficial activity to alleviate different liver diseases
The presence of these compounds in the plant agrees with its traditional use in Mexican medicine and some are even included in commercial pharmaceutical formulations used in the treatment of hepatopathies
Summary
The Cochlospermaceae family comprises seven genera: Amoreuxia, Azeredia, Cochlospermum, Euryanthe, Lachnocistus, Maximilianea and Wittelsbachia. Within Cochlospermum gillivraei the flavonoids apigenin, naringenin and afzelequin were found [2]; from Cochlospermum gossypium only carbohydrates were identified [3,4]; Cochlospermum planchonii biosynthesized the flavonoids miricetin, quercetin, aromadendrin and cianidin [5] and gallic acid, saponins, tannins, glycosides and carbohydrates [6]. From Cochlospermum regium, the gallic and ellagic acids, the flavonoid dihidrokaempferol-3-O-β-(6”-galloyl)-glucopyranoside and the lignans pinoresinol and excelsin have been isolated [7]. From Cochlospermum tinctorium, the triterpene arjunolic acid, along with tannins and carotenoids, β-bisabolene, 1-dodecanol, 1-hydroxy-3-octadecanone, 2-pentadecanone [8,9], alphitolic acid, cochloxantin and dihydrocochloxantin were identified [10]. The composition of the essential oils obtained from the leaves, root bark and root wood of Cochlospermum vitifolium has been established by GC/MS. The leaves’ essential oil consist of four major components: Molecules 2018, 23, 1952; doi:10.3390/molecules23081952 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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