Abstract
Background Polygonum hydropiper L. is widely used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of dysentery, gastroenteritis. It has been used to relieve swelling and pain, dispel wind and remove dampness, eliminate abundant phlegm and inflammatory for a long time. Previous study showed that antioxidants especially flavonoids pretreatment alleviated sepsis-induced injury in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the possible anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids from normal butanol fraction of Polygonum hydropiper L. extract (FNP) against inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was evaluated in vivo and in vitro.MethodsThe content of total flavonoid of FNP was determined by the aluminum colorimetric method. The content of rutin, quercetin and quercitrin was determined by HPLC method. Mice received FNP orally 3 days before an intra-peritoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Total superoxidase dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Tumor necrosis factor-α levels in serum and tissue was measured. mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung were assessed by Real-Time PCR. Histopathological changes were evaluated in lung, ileum and colon. We also investigated FNP on reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression, phosphorylation of MAPKs and AMPK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.ResultsFNP increased the levels of T-SOD, T-AOC, GSH-PX and GSH, decreased the levels of TNF-α, MPO and MDA, attenuate the histopathological lesion in LPS-stimulated mice. FNP inhibited production of inflammatory cytokines, ROS and NO, protein expressions of iNOS and COX-2, phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and c-JUN in MAPKs, promoted phosphorylation of AMPKα suppressed by LPS.ConclusionThese results suggested in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of FNP might contributed to its enhancement in antioxidant capacity, its inhibitory effects may be mediated by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and c-JUN in MAPKs signaling pathways.
Highlights
Polygonum hydropiper L. is widely used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of dysentery, gastroenteritis
Effects of FNP on LPS-induced mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages To investigate whether the inhibition of inflammatory mediator secretion by FNP is mediated through the MAPKs and AMPK pathway, we examined the effect of FNP on LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPKs,c-JUN and AMPKα in RAW 264.7 macrophages by Western blot analysis using phosphospecific antibodies
Our results showed that FNP pretreatment significantly attenuated the LPS-induced up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX-2 protein expressions in RAW264.7 macrophages, indicating that the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by FNP is a result of the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions
Summary
Polygonum hydropiper L. is widely used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of dysentery, gastroenteritis. Previous study showed that antioxidants especially flavonoids pretreatment alleviated sepsis-induced injury in vitro and in vivo. The possible anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids from normal butanol fraction of Polygonum hydropiper L. extract (FNP) against inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. A systemic inflammatory response syndrome induced by infection [1], is the most common cause of death in intensive care units [2,3,4]. It can be defined as a systemic inflammatory disorder and characterized clinically by fever [5], enteritis [6] and acute pneumonia [7]. Agents with antioxidant activity that suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators may have therapeutic effects
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
