Abstract
Zizania latifolia bracts are Z. latifolia-based agricultural waste materials, distributed in various parts of the world. In the current study, the Response Surface Method (RSM) was used to optimize the cellulase-assisted extraction of Total Flavonoids from Z. latifolia bracts (TFZB). Then, the in vitro antioxidant capacity and the potential effect on strawberry preservation were assessed. The results showed that the optimal conditions for extracting TFZB was: Solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 40 g/mL; ethanol concentration of 60% (v/v); cellulase dosage of 0.4% (w/w); incubation time of 2 h. Under these conditions, the yield of TFZB reached 0.49±0.01%. TFZB exerted certain antioxidant capacity. The free radical-scavenging rates against hydroxyl and DPPH radicals were 86±1.32% and 90±1.6% respectively at the concentration of 1.6 mg/mL and TFZB also exerted reducing power on Fe3+. Finally, the potential of TFZB on strawberry preservation was investigated from three aspects: Weightlessness rate, rotting rate and Vc content. It was found that the above-mentioned profiles were all improved after the strawberries sprayed with TFZB solution during the storage period. This study suggested that the TFZB may be developed as a novel antioxidant and fruits preservative, providing an evidence for the further utilization of Z. latifolia bracts.
Highlights
Zizania latifolia is a perennial herb, native to China and Southeast Asia (Zhang et al, 2009)
These results suggested that cellulase could promote the release of TFZB by the way of destroying cellulose in the cell wall, the decrease of TFZB yield with further increasing amount of cellulase could be due to the fact that all the binding sites on the cell walls of test samples were dominated by cellulase and excessive cellulase could make the solution viscous, which is not beneficial for the enzymatic hydrolysis (Huang et al, 2016)
The increase of TFZB yield may be due to the fact that the over-increasing contact areas between the liquid and the material may result in the decrease of mass transfer resistance (Najafian, 2013)
Summary
Zizania latifolia is a perennial herb, native to China and Southeast Asia (Zhang et al, 2009). In China, the planting area of Z. latifolia is about 70,000 hm, which is the second largest aquatic vegetable next to the lotus root. In China, Z. latifolia is generally distributed along the Yangtze River and Huaihe River (Jiang et al, 2016). Z. latifolia is mainly composed of rhizomes and bracts. In addition to the dietary characteristics, the rhizomes of Z. latifolia are rich in various physiologically active compounds, including dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals and phenolic compounds (Yan et al, 2018), which could produce a marked effect in reducing the risk of noncommunicable diseases, such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (Shao et al, 2014). There is little information on Z. latifolia bracts, most of which are discarded as agricultural wastes and their full and effective utilizations have not been constructed and realized
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