Abstract
The dried flowers of Chionanthus retusus were extracted with 80% MeOH, and the concentrate was divided into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H2O fractions. Repeated SiO2, octadecyl SiO2 (ODS), and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography of the EtOAc fraction led to the isolation of four flavonols (1–4), three flavones (5–7), four flavanonols (8–11), and one flavanone (12), which were identified based on extensive analysis of various spectroscopic data. Flavonoids 4–6 and 8–11 were isolated from the flowers of C. retusus for the first time in this study. Flavonoids 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, and 10–12 significantly inhibited NO production in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and glutamate-induced cell toxicity and effectively increased HO-1 protein expression in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Flavonoids with significant neuroprotective activity were also found to recover oxidative-stress-induced cell damage by increasing HO-1 protein expression. This article demonstrates that flavonoids from C. retusus flowers have significant potential as therapeutic materials in inflammation and neurodisease.
Highlights
With the rapid growth of the aging population, the treatment of age-related diseases has become an important global issue, including in Korea [1]
In this study, we focused on the isolation, identification, and investigation of the potential therapeutic effects of flavonoids from C. retusus flowers
This paper describes the isolation of 12 flavonoids from C. retusus flowers, determination of their chemical structures through extensive analysis of various spectroscopic data, evaluation of their anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, and the relationship of their structure to their activity
Summary
With the rapid growth of the aging population, the treatment of age-related diseases has become an important global issue, including in Korea [1]. C. retusus (Oleaceae), a deciduous tree with oval leaves, is widely cultivated and distributed in Korea, China, Taiwan, and Japan, growing to 20–25 m high [18] This plant has been used as an antipyretic, treatment for palsy and diarrhea in Oriental medicine and is known to contain many kinds of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, lignans, sterols, and terpenoids [18,19,20]. These compounds have been reported to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects [6,7,18]. This paper describes the isolation of 12 flavonoids from C. retusus flowers, determination of their chemical structures through extensive analysis of various spectroscopic data, evaluation of their anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, and the relationship of their structure to their activity
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