Abstract
Context: Phytochemical study and biological potential of Evax pygmaea (L.) Brot. (Asteraceae) are reported for the first time. Objective: To identify the secondary metabolites of Evax pygmaea and to determine its antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. Materials and methods: Dried aerial parts (1 kg) were macerated in 70% MeOH (5 L) during 72 h. The concentrated hydromethanolic extract was subjected to extractions with chloroform (3 × 300 mL), ethyl acetate (3 × 300 mL) and n-butanol (3 × 300 mL), successively. VLC of combined ethyl acetate (EAEP) and n-butanol (BEP) fractions was followed by column purifications. Antioxidant activity was investigated using DPPH, CUPRAC, and metal chelating, β-carotene/linoleic acid and ABTS assays. Agar method was used in the antibacterial study. Cytotoxic activity was determined by Brine shrimp lethality test in DMSO and ethanol, at varying concentrations (2, 1 and 0.2%) and (1, 0.2 and 0.1%) successively. Results: Quercetin (1), isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-xyloside (2), isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucoside (3), quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucoside (4), quercetin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (5), patuletin 3-O-β-d-glucoside (6) were isolated from for the first time from Evax genus. The EAEP was the most active in ABTS (IC50: <3.125 μg/mL) assay whereas the BEEP exhibited the highest activity in the β-carotene/linoleic acid assay (IC50: <3.125 μg/mL). The EAEP and BEP exhibited good antibacterial activity (MIC: 40–80 µg/mL). The plant did not show any toxicity (LD50>80 µg/mL). Discussion and conclusions: Six flavonoids were isolated for the first time from Evax pygmaea which exhibited good antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
Highlights
IntroductionAsteraceae (Compositae) is the richest vascular plant family in the world, with 1600–1700 genera and 24,000–30,000 species (Funk et al 2005), it is among the principal families whose species accumulate secondary metabolites with a vast array of important biological activities
Medicinal plants have been widely used for therapeutic purposes since ancient times
For the first time, the phytochemical study, the antioxidant activity, by the use of five methods, and the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of E. pygmaea growing at Constantine (Eastern Algerian) which is known as an antimicrobial
Summary
Asteraceae (Compositae) is the richest vascular plant family in the world, with 1600–1700 genera and 24,000–30,000 species (Funk et al 2005), it is among the principal families whose species accumulate secondary metabolites with a vast array of important biological activities. Filago) (Asteraceae) is mainly distributed in the Mediterranean area, it is represented by eight species, five of them are found in Algeria (Quezel and Santa 1963). The second paper described the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities by DPPH and ABTS assays of methanol extracts of the same species collected from Tunisia (Boussaada et al 2008b)
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