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Abstract
Scutellariae Radix (SR), also named Huangqin in China, is the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Historically, the usage of SR was targeted to against inflammation. In fact, chronic inflammation has a close relationship with hypoxia and abnormal angiogenesis in tumor cells. Hence, we would like to probe the water extract of SR in suppressing the inflammation-induced angiogenesis. Prior to determine the pharmaceutical values of SR, the first step is to analysis the chemical compositions of SR according to China Pharmacopeia (2015). From the results, the amount of baicalin was 12.6% by weight. Furthermore, the anti-angiogenic properties of SR water extract were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pre-treated cultured macrophage RAW 264.7 cells by detecting the inflammatory markers, i.e. Cox-2, cytokine and iNOS, as well as the translocation activity of NFκB and angiogenic biomarker, i.e. VEGF. This herbal extract was capable of declining both inflammatory and angiogenic hallmarks in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the SR-derived flavonoids, i.e. baicalin, baicalein, wogonin and wogonoside, were shown to be active chemicals in the anti-inflammatory-induced angiogenesis. Therefore, the inflammation-induced angiogenesis is believed to be suppressed by SR water extract, or its major ingredients. These results shed light in the benefiting role of SR in the inflammation-induced angiogenesis in vitro.
Highlights
Inflammation is triggered by harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells or irritants
Macrophages are being recruited in responding to the receptor stimulation, and which significantly contribute to the process of angiogenesis[13]
From the HPLC results, the baicalin content of the prepared Scutellariae Radix (SR) water extract was 12.6%, which was much higher than the minimum requirement
Summary
Inflammation is triggered by harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells or irritants. This immune response involves immune cells, blood vessels and other types of mediators[1]. Many herbal formulae contain SR, and the major functions of these herbal mixtures are to mitigate inflammation One of these commonly used recipes containing SR as the major herb is Huang Qin Tang, recorded by Zhang Zhongjing (AD ~984) in www.nature.com/scientificreports/. The tumor tissue, exhibiting an excessively active process of angiogenesis, is composed of predominant inflammatory infiltrate, neoplastic and stromal cells[9]. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a critical player in modulating angiogenesis development, and which is believed to be secreted by immune cells[10]. The angiogenic biomarkers, e.g. Cox-2, cytokines, iNOS, VEGF, were determined in vitro by the challenging of SR herbal extract and/or its active ingredients
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