Abstract
Dissotis rotundifolia is a plant in the family Melastomataceae. The methanolic extract of the whole plant is reported to be rich in C-glycosylflavones such as vitexin and orientin. Though there are several reports on the ethnomedicinal use of this plant extract in stomach ulcers, experimental-based data is unavailable. The drive for carrying out this research was to obtain data on the possible ameliorative effect of the whole plant extract of Dissotis rotundifolia (DRE) in gastric ulcerations induced by ethanol in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats were pretreated with 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg of DRE for 14 days after which an ulcerogen-ethanol was administered. Gross examinations of the stomach lining and histological analysis of gastric lesions were carried out coupled with an assessment of the antioxidant activity of gastric mucosa using MDA, GSH, CAT, and SOD as indicators. The data suggested a significant attenuation in gastric mucosal damage in DRE-pretreated ethanol-induced gastric ulcer reflected in the antioxidant status. There was also a reduction or absence of hemorrhage, edema, and leucocytes infiltration in DRE-treated groups compared to the negative control group. DRE conserved glutathione (GSH) levels, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and enhanced catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme levels. The present study shows that DRE possess protective effects against ethanol-induced ulcer damage in the stomach of rats, which could be attributed to its antioxidant activity.
Highlights
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a gastrointestinal tract disorder, affecting many people globally [1] with the most prevalent type being gastric ulcer
A systematic review published on this subject backs the assertion that excessive alcohol intake mediates the generation of reactive oxygen species, a known indicator of the disorder [5]. ough there are some antigastric ulcer medications such as the proton pump inhibitors (PIs) and histamine 2-receptor antagonists, the majority leave in their wake inimical effects such as bloating, diarrhea, shortness of breath, fatigue, nausea, dizziness, lactic acidosis, hepatotoxicity, kidney toxicity, and lactic acid intoxication limiting their usage [6]
No gross difference in ulcer indices was noticed among groups pretreated with 100 and 300 mg/kg of Dissotis rotundifolia extract (DRE) and omeprazole (30 mg/kg) (p > 0.05). e percentage protection from ulcers was 70.23%, 95.96%, 54.55%, and 77.21% for groups pretreated with 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg of Dissotis rotundifolia and omeprazole, respectively (Table 2)
Summary
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a gastrointestinal tract disorder, affecting many people globally [1] with the most prevalent type being gastric ulcer. Apart from the main etiological agent which is Helicobacter pylori, certain factors have been recognized in its etiology in humans and this includes excessive alcohol consumption [2, 3]. Gastric ulcer is reportedly linked with alterations in physiological indicators such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), in vivo antioxidant biomolecules and enzymes, and gastric acid oversecretion [3]. Alcohol abuse has been associated with gastric ulcers [4]. A systematic review published on this subject backs the assertion that excessive alcohol intake mediates the generation of reactive oxygen species, a known indicator of the disorder [5]. The quest to unearth alternative and more efficient treatment therapies is imminent due to the fact that many
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