Abstract
This study identified flavonoid glycosides in species of the genus Alchemilla, A. procerrima, A. stricta, A. hirtipedicellata and A. sericata. A. procerrima is an endemic species for Turkey. After detailed investigation, flavonoid compounds of the species were identified for the first time. In this study, flavonoid compounds were determined by using two different chromatography techniques, TLC and HPLC. The following flavonoid compounds were identified from the Alchemilla species studied. They are as follows: orientin (luteolin-8-C-glucoside) Rf: 0,70, vitexin (apigenin-8-C-glucoside) Rf: 0,77 as flavone-C-glycoside, rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) Rf: 0,44, hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside) Rf: 0,65, isoquercetin (quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside) Rf: 0,72, quercitrin (quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside) Rf: 0,84 as flavonol-O-glycoside. Three more folavonoids with Rf values of Rf₁=0,36, Rf₂=0,54 and Rf₃=0,68 were also identified for the first time in this study. Rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) and the flavonoid glycoside, shown as Rf₂ were found in all species. Quercitrin and isoquercetin were determined in all analysed species but A. procerrima. Hyperoside was identified in all species except for A. stricta. Vitexin was determined only in A.stricta. Orientin was determined in A. procerrima and A. stricta, but could not be determined in A. sericata and A. hirtpedicellata. Unknown flavonoid with Rf₁ and Rf₃ were determined outside of A. sericata. Description of these compounds in Turkish Alchemilla plants for the first time should be viewed as a discovery of an important chemosystematic feature.
Highlights
The genus Alchemilla L. belongs to the Rosaceae family
The remaining standards hyperoside, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, vitexin, orientin, myricetin, naringenin, hesperidin were obtained from Extrasyntese (Genay / France)
Flavonoid compounds found in the species studies are rutin, hyperoside, isoquercetin, quercitrin, orientin, vitexin, and unknown flavonoids with Rf1= 0.36, Rf2=0.54 and Rf3=0.68
Summary
The genus Alchemilla L. belongs to the Rosaceae family. This large family includes herbaceous and woody plants. Zomlefer (1994) recognised the family as a monophyletic group. Except for a few species, embryological studies have shown that, the genus Alchemilla has apomictic features (Strasburger, 1905; Murbeck, 1901). This study was done to identify flavonoids in Alchemilla species of Turkey. Concentrated ethyl acetate solution was directly filled with standard flavonoid solutions 1 cm from the bottom (as spots) using a capillary tube on the silica plates and using ethyl acetate: acetic acid: formic acid: water (100:11:11:27 v/v) as a running (mobile phase) solvent.
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