Flavonoid Characterization in Ferns from Baluran National Park

Abstract

Flavonoids belong to the largest group of a phenolic compound found in plants. The presence of these flavonoids is significant for the plants themselves such as protecting plants from UV-B, insect pests, biotic, and abiotic stresses. More than 10,000 varieties of flavonoids have been already identified. Several plants can synthesize flavonoids, one of which is ferns. Cosmopolitan ferns are found in tropical and subtropical regions like Baluran National Park. The ecosystem in Baluran National Park has components that can show different sensitivity level to the factors influencing the environment, either in terms of biotic and abiotic factors. Same species of plants in different environments can be different significantly in their secondary metabolite content. The primary purpose of this research was to determine the types of flavonoids ferns in Baluran National Park. This study was conducted in April-June 2018. The extraction of samples was conducted using 96% methanol solvent and the analysis using the thin layer chromatography. The results showed the fourth type of flavonoid rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin, and quercertin contained in Pseudocyclosorrus ochthodes (Kunze) Holttum, Phymatodes scolopendria (Burm.) Ching. Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.), except routine not found in Dryopteris hirtipes (Bl.) Kuntze Beddome. Pteris vittata L. does not contain all four types. Types of flavonoids from ferns in Baluran National Park are routine, hyperoxide, quercitrin and quercetin.