Flash-Point Measurements and Modeling for Ternary Partially Miscible Aqueous−Organic Mixtures

Abstract

Flash point is the most important variable used to characterize the fire and explosion hazard of liquids. This paper presents the first partially miscible aqueous−organic mixtures flash-point measurements and modeling for the ternary type-I mixtures, water + ethanol + 1-butanol and water + ethanol + 2-butanol, and the type-II mixture, water + 1-butanol + 2-butanol. Results reveal that the flash points are constant in each tie line. Handling the nonideality of the liquid phase through the use of activity coefficient models, the general flash-point model of Liaw et al. extended to partially miscible mixtures predicts the experimental data well when using literature liquid−liquid equilibria (LLE) and the vapor−liquid equilibria (VLE) activity coefficient model binary parameters to estimate sequentially the span and flash point in each tie line and the flash point in the mutual solubility region, respectively. The constant flash-point behavior in a tie line is also observed and predicted, in agreement with th...