Abstract
In this paper flammability tests and detailed investigations of lignin-containing polymer composites’ properties are presented. Composites were obtained using bisphenol A glycerolate (1 glycerol/phenol) diacrylate (BPA.GDA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and kraft lignin (lignin alkali, L) during UV curing. In order to evaluate the influence of lignin modification and the addition of flame retardant compounds on the thermal resistance of the obtained biocomposites, flammability tests have been conducted. After the modification with phosphoric acid (V) lignin, as well as diethyl vinylphosphonate, were used as flame retardant additives. The changes in the chemical structures (ATR-FTIR), as well as the influence of the different additives on the hardness, thermal (TG) and mechanical properties were discussed in detail. The samples after the flammability test were also studied to assess their thermal destruction.
Highlights
IntroductionFlame retardant additives are intended to inhibit or to stop the polymer combustion process by acting either physically (cooling, fuel dilution, formation of a protective layer) or chemically (reaction in the solid or gaseous phase)
Flame retardant additives are intended to inhibit or to stop the polymer combustion process by acting either physically or chemically
New cross-linked composites based on bisphenol A glycerolate (1 glycerol/phenol) diacrylate (BPA.GDA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) with the functional additives were successfully obtained during the UV-curing methodology
Summary
Flame retardant additives are intended to inhibit or to stop the polymer combustion process by acting either physically (cooling, fuel dilution, formation of a protective layer) or chemically (reaction in the solid or gaseous phase). As follows from industrial practice, phosphorous-containing flame retardants are widely used as an alternative to halogenated fire retardants, and may suppress fire in a polymer in two ways. The first mechanism proceeds through the thermal degradation of phosphorus flame retardants into phosphoric acid, which converts the polymer into carbon rich char, whereas the other one is based on migration into the vapor phase, quenching the radicals, or concurrently in both ways [1,2]. Phosphorus-based flame retardants combust more completely, especially when conversion of both polymer and flame retardant into char decreases the formation of gaseous phase degradation products. These volatile products can be hazardous to human health and, the conversion to carbonaceous char is advisable.
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