Abstract
A set of experiments was carried out to determine the flammability limits (FL) of blends of iso-butanol and a surrogate fuel for gasoline at 154±11°C and ≈91.4kPa. The surrogate gasoline was a binary PRF mixture of 87% iso-octane and 13% n-heptane (PRF 87). The volumetric fraction of iso-butanol in the liquid fuel was varied from 0 to 0.25 at a step of 0.05. Flammability tests with pure fuels were also performed to confirm the reliability of the applied experimental procedure. The homogeneous air/fuel mixtures were defined as flammable when formed a self-sustained flame able to travel upward a 0.3m long open combustion tube. The lower FL of the blends of iso-butanol and PRF 87 (0.80−0.98%) were estimated correctly with the mixing rule of Le Chatelier, but the same simplified model failed to reproduce the measured upper flammability limits (5.10−5.61%).
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