Abstract
This paper deals with the effect of synthetic and natural flame retardants on flammability characteristics and chemical changes in thermally treated meranti wood (Shorea spp.). The basic chemical composition (extractives, lignin, holocellulose, cellulose, and hemicelluloses) was evaluated to clarify the relationships of temperature modifications (160 °C, 180 °C, and 210 °C) and incineration for 600 s. Weight loss, burning speed, the maximum burning rate, and the time to reach the maximum burning rate were evaluated. Relationships between flammable properties and chemical changes in thermally modified wood were evaluated with the Spearman correlation. The thermal modification did not confirm a positive contribution to the flammability and combustion properties of meranti wood. The effect of the synthetic retardant on all combustion properties was significantly higher compared to that of the natural retardant.
Highlights
Meranti (Shorea spp.) is one of the most widely used tropical hardwoods
The results of this study provide main flammability characteristics of modified meranti wood samples at temperatures of 160 ◦C, 180 ◦C, and 210 ◦C, namely, weight loss, burn rate, maximum burning rate, and ratio of the maxim um burning rate to time to reach the maximum burning rate
KG, Schwabach, Germany) at T = 103 ± 2 ◦C to dry state. This condition facilitates the thermal modification of one group and generates similar moisture for samples without thermal treatment, which is important from a comparative perspective
Summary
Meranti (Shorea spp.) is one of the most widely used tropical hardwoods. It is relatively easy to process, and it has a course, fibrous structure with open pores. With a straight-grain consistency, meranti trees produce long, straight pieces of lumber. It is used for molding, structural elements, furniture, cabinets, window and door trim, and veneers for plywood. Meranti is one of the more affordable hardwoods, due in part to numerous subspecies, prolific growing characteristics, and availability. Similar to Teak (Tectona grandis), meranti and other hardwoods are resistant to damage from insects, fungus, and moisture decay. The wood is dimensionally stable and resistant to warping and twisting [1,2]. Additional treatments are necessary to increase its fire resistance
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