Abstract
Undoped TiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles doped with 1–5 at.% Nb were successfully produced in a single step by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP). The phase and crystallite size were analyzed by XRD. The BET surface area (SSABET) of the nanoparticles was measured by nitrogen adsorption. The trend of SSABET on the doping samples increased and the BET equivalent particle diameter (dBET) (rutile) increased with the higher Nb-doping concentrations while dBET (anatase) remained the same. The morphology and accurate size of the primary particles were further investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The crystallite sizes of undoped and Nb-doped TiO2 spherical were in the range of 10–20 nm. The sensing films were prepared by spin coating technique. The mixing sample was spin-coated onto the Al2O3 substrates interdigitated with Au electrodes. The gas sensing of acetone (25–400 ppm) was studied at operating temperatures ranging from 300–400 °C in dry air, while the gas sensing of ethanol (50–1,000 ppm) was studied at operating temperatures ranging from 250–400 °C in dry air.
Highlights
TiO2 is used extensively as a gas sensing material due to its change in electrical conductivity under analyte gas exposure
(1) dXRD anatase were smaller than dXRD rutile (2) dBET and dXRD anatase were not affected by the amount of dopant but dXRD rutile were
flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) was successfully used for the preparation of undoped TiO2 and 1–5 at.% Nb/TiO2 nanopowders for application to acetone and ethanol gas sensing
Summary
TiO2 is used extensively as a gas sensing material due to its change in electrical conductivity under analyte gas exposure. Sensing capability has been improved with the addition of foreign atoms such as. Nb doping of TiO2 has been used for. Nb doping modifies the microstructure of TiO2, controls grain growth mechanisms, introduces electronic defects at the surface or in the bulk of grains and so modifies TiO2 conductivity and gas sensing. TiO2 presents three crystalline structures: brookite, anatase, and rutile. The Nb2O5-TiO2 system has been prepared by several methods such as the solid state reaction of
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