Abstract
Pure and Ce-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in one step by means of the scalable flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) process. Complete structural and chemical characterization of these materials revealed that the majority of the nanoparticles are crystalline and spherical, ranging from 5 to 45 nm in diameter. The band gap of TiO2 was reduced by doping with Ce from 2.43 to 3.06 eV and the Ce–TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit a strong photoelectrical response to visible light illumination. Ce–TiO2 nanoparticles obtained with this scalable method are trivially scalable to industrial level manufacturing, granting and enabling additional approaches for the actual application of ceramic oxide nanomaterials to combat challenges such as environmental cleanup and energy production from the visible part of solar inputs.
Highlights
Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) has been extensively studied due to its high photocatalytic activity and non-toxicity
Materials synthesized by Flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) often provide high surface area and thermal stability [10,11], both of which are required for efficient heterogeneous catalysts
The same effect is observed in Cu-doped Titania [16] and Fe-Doped Titania [17] synthesized through FSP
Summary
Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) has been extensively studied due to its high photocatalytic activity and non-toxicity. Uniform distribution of the dopant is challenging and a key requirement which controls the properties of a doped material. Flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) is a scalable nanomanufacturing technique used to produce a wide range of products at a low cost [4,5]. This technique enables the production of unique oxide nanoparticles in one step, and it has been used to produce oxides for sensors [6,7] and industrial catalysts [8]. Materials synthesized by FSP often provide high surface area and thermal stability [10,11], both of which are required for efficient heterogeneous catalysts
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