Abstract
The functionalization of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is an important strategy for broadening its application fields. In the present work, MCC was functionalized by phosphorylation reaction with phytic acid (PA) for enhanced flame retardancy. The conditions of phosphorylation reaction including PA concentration, MCC/PA weight ratio and temperature were discussed, and the thermal degradation, heat release and char-forming properties of the resulting PA modified MCC were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry. The PA modified MCC, which was prepared at 90 °C, 50%PA and 1:3 weight ratio of MCC to PA, exhibited early thermal dehydration with rapid char formation as well as low heat release capability. This work suggests a novel strategy for the phosphorylation of cellulose using PA and reveals that the PA phosphorylated MCC can act as a promising flame retardant material.
Highlights
Agricultural and forestry wastes are a kind of low-cost, widely sourced and recyclable bio-based materials [1], and usually include straw, rice straw, waste wood, wheat bran, rice husk, bagasse, etc. [2]
This study mainly explored the conditions of phosphorylation reaction as well as the thermal stability and char formation properties of phytic acid (PA)-microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)
The thermal stability, char formation and heat release properties of PA modified MCC (PA-MCC) were studied by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC)
Summary
Agricultural and forestry wastes are a kind of low-cost, widely sourced and recyclable bio-based materials [1], and usually include straw, rice straw, waste wood, wheat bran, rice husk, bagasse, etc. [2]. These wastes are mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin [3], which are an abundant and cheap raw material for the preparation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) [4]. Due to its abundant sources, odorlessness, renewability, excellent mechanical properties and high reactivity, MCC has been widely used in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, beverage, packaging, chemical, and polymer composite industries [5]. FR MCC can be used as an additive of polymers and composite materials for their enhanced FR performance [8]. MCC was modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane coupling agent and ammonium polyphosphate, and the as-prepared product acted as FR and reinforcing agents for epoxy resin [11]. If MCC grafted with methacrylic acid, together with ammonium polyphosphate, was blended into polylactic acid by melt compounding, the resulting composite had a good FR performance [12]
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