Abstract
A new type of fire-retardant coating for wood based on epoxy-amine composites modified with copper(II) hexafluorosilicate has been developed. To optimize the composition of the fire-retardant coating, the values of ignition and self-ignition temperatures, the combustibility group indices and the smoke generation coefficient of the developed epoxy-amine composites were used. It was found that the values of the ignition and self-ignition temperatures of epoxy-amine composites containing a flame retardant are higher than those of composites without it, by 15–34 °C and 25–58 °C, respectively. Compared to unmodified epoxy-amine composites, CuSiF6-modified epoxy-amine composites have 204–327 °C lower values of the maximum temperature of combustion gases and 7.8–10.4% less mass loss during combustion. It is shown that modified epoxy-amine composites with an optimized composition are classified as hardly combustible materials with moderate smoke-forming ability. Based on the results of experimental studies, the technological mode of coating the wood was chosen. The developed epoxy-amine composite with reduced combustibility has been used as a fire-retardant coating for wooden structures. Testing for fire showed that developed coating belongs the first group of fire protection efficiency, which ensures reliable fire protection of wood. In contrast, the coatings based on epoxy-amine composites without a flame retardant do not provide fire protection of wood at all.
Highlights
Wood is known to be one of the most widespread and affordable building materials for many centuries
This paper reports the working-out of a unique flame protection technology for wood and testing for fire of timber specimens coated with a flame retardant composite based on epoxy-amine polymers modified with copper(II) hexafluorosilicate
3 Results and discussion 3.1 Optimization of the flame-retardant coating composition The nature of the flame retardant used for the manufacture of epoxy composite materials is one of the most important characteristics that should be taken into account when choosing the optimal composition and technological regime to coat a wooden surface
Summary
Wood is known to be one of the most widespread and affordable building materials for many centuries. This is due to a number of valuable properties. High susceptibility to fire, combustibility and other fire hazardous properties often limit the use of wood as a structural material [2]. To eliminate these disadvantages, in particular, to ensure the fire resistance of wood when exposed to low-power ignition sources, to reduce the rate of flame propagation over the surface, fire-retardant coatings are widely used [3,4,5]. The mechanism of wood protection in the gas phase is to prevent the oxidation of the products of thermal decomposition of wood, and in the solid phase – in changing the decomposition process itself
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